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The Cincinnati, 




.y« //• iio .\ oii.iiii. i< //,r ./,„„■/,/,■/ ,/„ (i.\(i\.\.ni *■ 

//■.. Uimilmrlt/ ,/ ClCN'!' ('•■■OIICK \i'.\.SII I \<: TON 



boc\e.^il o-t tne. Cincinnati 



The Cincinnati 



in the 



Centennial Celebration 



of the 



Inauguration of the Government of the United States 
under the Constitution, 



and of 



George Washington 



as President. 



April, 1889. 




Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1890, by 

Aba Bibd Gahdikik, LL.D., Secretary General, 
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



O^ 



PRESS OF 
^ EZOHANOK PEDmNG COMPAKT, 

^^^ 17 BBOAD aTRHBT, 

KKW TORK. 



,/- 




Introduction. 




HE National Centennial Celebration of the in- 
auguration of the Government of the United 
States of America under the Constitution, and 
of the induction of His Excellency General 
George Washington, LL.D., President General 
of the Society of the Cincinnati, into the office 
of President of the United States, was initiated by the New 
York Historical Society, the New York Chamber of Commerce, 
and the Society of the Sons of the Revolution, whose respective 
Committees were combined under the chairmanship of the Hon. 
Abram Stevens Hewitt, LL.D., Mayor of the City of New York, 
and, with the addition of other well-known citizens, formed 
into appropriate committees. 

In such a National celebration the members of the Society 
of the Cincinnati could not but take the deepest interest, 
because the sole political principle embodied in 1783 in the 
"Institution'' of their Order had been directed towards secur- 
ing an adequate and effective National Government for National 
purposes. 

The original Cincinnati had actively and potentially exerted 
themselves to this end, and, in the Constitution, had found 
an exemplification of all their hopes, while, at the same time, 
its ratification and inauguration had terminated the political 
efforts of their order. 

It was, therefore, peculiarly appropriate that the Cincinnati 
should initiate the Centennial Celebration, and for this pur- 



pose, in compliance with the desire of many members, a com- 
mittee took charge of the necessary arrangements for a Com- 
memorative Banquet, and for religious services in Saint Paul's 
Chapel, in Broadway, where the Cincinnati had in the early 
days of the RepubUc, after the peace of 1783, often assembled. 




lEsecutive Committee for tbe Commemorative Celebration.. 



Zbe Secretary ©enctal. fjenrg Cbaiser Dtowtic, 

Jamee fli. THarnum, Jobn Cropper, 

Cbarlee JBeattg aiejanOcr. 




To the Members 

of the Society of the Cineinnati. 



New Tobk, 10th April, 1889. 



The Centennial of the Inauguration of General Washington as President of 
the United States, and of the Government under the Constitution, will be appro- 
priately celebrated in the City of New York, on the 29th and 30th April, and Ist 
May, 1889, under the management of a Committee of Citizens duly designated for 
that purpose. 

This celebration, being national in character and commemorative of a great 
event, receives the cordial co-operation of the General Government, and of the 
Governments, respectively, of the States and Territories. 

The Cincinnati are particularly interested in the due observance of this Cen- 
tennial because the only political principle incorporated in their ' ' Institution " 
found expression in the Constitution of the United States, and thenceforward 
the Order devoted itself to its domestic concerns. 

The history of the Cincinnati, however, shows how earnestly and potentially 
they strove to secure the formation and adoption of the Constitution, and when 
their President General had been inaugurated as President of the United States, 
they told him, in their congratulations on the following 4th of July, that the 
Constitution of the United States was what they had fought for in the Revolution. 

From 1783 to 1789, the Order of the Cincinnati was the only organization in 
the United States devoted to ' ' promoting and cherishing between the respecrive 
States that Union and Natimial Honor, so essentially necessary to their happiness 
and to the future dignity of the American Empire." 

It seems incumbent, therefore, on the Cincinnati to celebrate in some appro- 
priate way this National Centennial. 

In accordance with the expressed desire of many members, and with the 
cordial consent of the Standing Committee of the Society of the Cincinnati in 
the State of New York, it is proposed that the members of the Cincinnati shall 
inaugurate the Centennial by a Subscription Banquet in the City of New York, 
on Saturday evening, the 27th April, and on Sunday, the 28th April, proceed to 
Saint Paul's Chapel, Broadway, for religious services, to be conducted by the 
Right Reverend William Stevens Perry, Bishop of Iowa, assisted by the Reverend 
Dr. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, President of the South Carolina State Society 
of Cincinnati, Chaplains General of the Order. 

7 



You are respectfully requested, immediately upon receipt of this communica- 
tion, to notify Asa Bird Gardiner, LL.D., Secretary General of the Order of the 
Cincinnati, 31 Nassau Street, New York City, whether you will attend. 

Very respectfully, 

Your obedient servants, 

EDMUND L. BAYLIES, of Massachusetts Society. 
EDGAR HOLDEN, M. D., of Massachusetts Society. 
JA5IES M. VARNUM, of Rhode Island Society. 
HENRY THAYER DROWNE, of Rhode Island Society. 
ALEXANDER JAMES CLINTON, of New York Society. 
JOHN CROPPER, of New York Society. 
CLIFFORD STANLEY SIMS, of New Jersey Society. 
FRANCIS BARBER 06DEN, of New Jersey Society. 
WILLIAM WAYNE, of Pennsylvania Society. 
CHARLES B. ALEXANDER, of Pennsylvania Society. 
RICHARD M. McSHERRY, of Maryland Society. 
H. RIEMAN DUVAL, of Maryland Society. 
FELIX WARLEY, of South Carolina Society. 
THOMAS PINCKNEY, of South CaroUna Society. 



The responses to this communication were most earnest 
and appreciative. 

Those members, not abroad, who were prevented by sick- 
ness or other cause from participation, made haste to express 
their regrets at their inability to participate. 

As illustrative of the sentiments of the members : 

Commodore "William D. Whiting, U. S. Navy, an heredi- 
tary member in the Massachusetts State Society, wrote, from 
his home in New York City, returning thanks for the invita- 
tion, and added : 

"I regret, on account of total blindness, my inability to 
join with our fellow members on so interesting an occasion." 

Brevet Brig. -Gen. William Raymond Lee, of Roxbury, 
Mass., and Mr. Samuel C. Clarke, of Marietta, Ga., hereditary 
members in the same State Society, regretted their inability to 
attend, on account, respectively, of illness and the infirmities 
of old age. 
8 



Lieut. Alfred B. Jackson, Ninth U. S. Cavalry, an heredi- 
tary member in the same State Society, regretted that his 
public duties at the U. S. Military Academy would prevent 
his attendance. 

Mr. John Beatty, of Doylestown, Penn., an hereditary 
member of the Pennsylvania State Society, expressed his "ex- 
treme veneration for everything relating to General Washing- 
ton," but found himself, by reason of his advanced age, forced 
"to give up the pleasure of attending the meeting." 

The Hon. John Thompson Nixon, LL. D., of Trenton, 
N. J., U. S. District Judge for New Jersey, and a member of 
the New Jersey State Society of the Cincinnati, said : 

"I heartily approve of the arrangements made, and deeply 
regret that the state of my health will prevent me from taking 
part in the proceedings." 

Mr. William Lloyd, of Freehold, N. J., an hereditary mem- 
ber in the New Jersey State Society since 4th July, 1837, said : 
" I must deny myself the pleasure of being present at the 
celebration of the Centennial of the inauguration of General 
Washington. 

"It would be imprudent for me to make the experiment, 
having entered my ninetieth year the 26th March last, and still 
in active business, and have failed but one time to be present 
at the annual meeting in fifty years." 





Members who became Subscribers to the 
Commemoration : 



SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

IK THK 

STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

*Mr. Edmund Lin'COLN Baylies, A. M., LL. B New York, N. Y. 

*Mr. William Henry Burbeck New London, Conn. 

•Hon. Samuel Crocker Cobb Boston, Mass. 

President, Mass. Society of Cincinnati. 

*Mr. David Greene Haskins, Jr., A. M., LL. B Cambridge, Mass. 

•Surgeon Edgar Holden, M. D Newark, N.J. 

•Mr. Thornton K. Lothrop. . Boston, Mass. 

•Mr. Alfred Ethelbert Smith Bronxville, N. Y. 

•Mr. Charles P. Trumbull Beverly, Mass. 

•Mr. Alexander Williams Boston, Mass. 



SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

IN THE 

STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 



*Mr. Malcom Henry Angell Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Mr. William Blodget, A. M Boston. Mass. 

*Mr. Henry Jackson Brightman New York, N. Y. 

•Rev. Henry Barton Chapin, A. M., Ph. D New York, N. Y. 

•Mr. Henry Thayer Drowne New York, N. Y. 

•Hon. Asa Bird Gardiner, A. M., LL. D Garden City, N. Y. 

Secretary General, Society of Cincinnati. 

*Rev. William Wallace Greene Church Creek, Md. 

•Mr. Henry Waterman Holden, A. M Huntington, N. Y. 

•Mr. Henry Hutchinson Hollister New York, N. Y. 

•Right Rev. William Stevens Perry, D. D., LL. D., D. C. L Davenport, Iowa. 

Mr. Thomas Arnold Peirce East Greenwich, R. I. 

•Mr. Sylvanus Albert Reed, A. M., Ph. D New York, N. Y. 

•Hon. James M. Varnum, A. M., LL. B New York, N. Y. 

•Surgeon William Argyle Watson, M. D New York, N. Y. 

10 



SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

IN THE 

STATE OF NEW YORK. 

•Mr. William Addoms Brooklyn, N. Y. 

•Mr. Robert Percy Alden, A. B Cornwall, Pa. 

•Mr. Thomas Mackaness Ludlow Chrystie, M. D New York, N. Y. 

Mr. Alexander James Clinton New York, N. Y. 

Hon. John Cochrane, A. M New York, N. Y. 

•Mr. John Cropper, A. M., LL. B Washington, D. C. 

Mr. Thomas De Witt Cuyler Philadelphia, Pa. 

Hon. Hamilton Fish, A. M., LL. D New York, N. Y. 

President General, Society of Cincinnati. 
•Mr. William Ogden Giles Kingsbridge, N. Y. 

Hon. Alexander Hamilton Irvington, N. Y. 

Hon. WiCKHAM Hoffman, A. B New York, N. Y. 

•Mr. Dixon Gedney Hughes Jersey City, N. J. 

•Mr. Frederick J abez Huntington Norwich, Conn. 

Mr. John De Courcy Ireland New York, N. Y. 

*Mr. Charles Scott McKnight Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

'Captain Arthur Morris, U.S. Army New York, N. Y. 

•Mr. Talbot Olyphant New York, N. Y. 

•Mr. John Alexander Rutherford New York, N. Y. 

•Mr. Edward Wright Tapp Brooklyn, N. Y. 

•Mr. Herbert Gray Torrey, A. B Sterling, N.J. 

•Mr. James Stevenson Van Cortlandt Croton Landing, N. Y. 

•Mr. Charles Henry Ward, A. M New York, N. Y. 

•Mr. William Greene Ward, A. B New York, N. Y. 

•Brev. Major-Gen. Alexander Stewart Webb, LL. D New York. N. Y. 

•Mr. Robert Stewart Webb New York, N. Y. 

SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

IN THE 

STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 

*Mr. William Wilmot Ballard Elmira, N. Y. 

•Mr. William Pancoast Barber Elizabeth, N.J. 

Mr. Robert Wallace Burnet Cincinnati, O. 

*Mr. Herman Burgin, A. M., M. D Germantown, Pa. 

Assistant Treasurer General, Society of Cincinnati. 

Hon. John Lambert Cadwalader, A. M., LL. B New York, N. Y. 

Mr. Edward Nicoll Dickerson, LL. D New York, N. Y. 

*Major William Miller Este, A. M New York, N. Y. 

♦Hon. John Fitch, A. M New York, N. Y. 

Hon. Robert Stockton Green, A. M., LL. D Elizabeth, N. J. 

Governor of New Jersey. 

Brev. Brig. -Gen. Edward Burd Grubb Edgewater, N. J. 

*Mr. Paul Augustine Hendry Philadelphia, Pa. 

*Mr. Franklin Davenport Howell Philadelphia, Pa. 

*Mr. Wessel Ten Broeck Stout Imlay Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Mr. Frederick Wolcott Jackson Newark, N. J. 

*Mr. Thomas Talmadge Kinney, M. D Newark, N. J. 

*Mr. George Tibbits Lane Troy, N. Y. 

*Mr. Flavel McGee Jersey City, N. J. 

11 



*Mr. James Mortimer Montgomery New York, N. Y. 

*Mr. William Case Osmun Finderne, N. J. 

*Hon. Charles Smith Scott New Brunswick, N. J. 

*Rev. Samuel Moore Shute, D. D Washington, D. C. 

Hon. Clifford Stanley Sims Mount Holly, N.J. 

President, New Jersey Society of Cincinnati 

*Mr. William Chetwood Spencer Elizabeth, N. J.- 

*Adjt.-Gen. William Scudder Stryker, A. M Trenton, N. J. 

*Mr. William Winans Thomas Elizabeth, N. J. 

SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

IN THE 

STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

•Mr. Charles Beatty Ale.xander, A.M., LL. B New York, N. V. 

Mr. Charles E. Cadwalader, M. D Philadelphia, Pa. 

•Mr. William Macpherson Horner Philadelphia, Pa. 

•Mr. Lewis Bush Jackson Philadelphia, Pa. 

•Hon. William Wayne Paoli, Pa. 

President, Pennsylvania Society of Cincinnati 

•Major Grant Weidman Lebanon, Pa. 

SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

IN THE 

STATE OF MARYLAND. 

*Prof. Edward Graham Daves Baltimore, Md, 

Mr. Henry Rieman Duval Islip, N. Y. 

*Mr. John Sterett Gittings Baltimore, Md. 

Mr. Richard Meredith McSherry Baltimore, Md. 

*Mr. Charles Manigault Morris Baltimore, Md. 

*Captain Daniel Morgan Taylor, U. S. Army Washington, D. C. 

•Commander Henry Clay Taylor, U. S. Navy Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

*Mr. Oswald Tilghman Easton, Talbot Co., Md. 

*Hon. William Benning Webb Washington, D. C. 

President, Commissioners District of Columbia. 

SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

IN THE 

STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Rev. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, S. T. D Charleston, S. C. 

President, South Carolina Society of Cincmnati. 

Mr. Thomas Pinckney Richmond, Va. 

*Hon. James Simons, A. M Charleston, S. C. 

Speaker of South Carolina House of Representatives. 

*Mr. Stephen Calhoun Smith New York, N. Y. 

*Mr. Felix Warley New York, N. Y. 

* Present at the Commemorative Banquet. 

'h 

Mr. WiLUAM Addoms, of the New York Society, died in Brooklyn, N. Y., January IJth, 1890, in the 
eiphty-sixth year of his age. 

Jlr. Edward Nicoll Dickerson, LL. D., of the New Jersey Society, died in Far Eockaway, Long 
Island, N. Y.. Decemljer 1\>, 18S9, In the sixty-fifth year of his age. 

Hon. JoBN TnoMrsoN NrsoN. LL. D., of the New Jersey Society, died in Stockbridge, Mass., Septem- 
ber 28, 1889, in the seventieth year of his age. 

12 



The 



Commemorative Banquet 



of 



The Cincinnati 



at the 



Lawyers' Club, 

April 27, 1889. 





HE Commemorative Banquet was held in the 
rooms of the Lawyers' Club, in the Equitable 
Insurance Building, in the city of New York, 
on the evening of April 27, 1889. 

The members assembled in the Reception- 
Eoom of the club, with the "following named invited guests: — 

Brevet Major - General the Hon. Rutherford Birchard 
Hayes, LL.D., Ex-President of the United States and Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of 
the United States. 

Hon. Frederick Samuel Tallmadge, President of the 
Society of the Sons of the Revolution. 

Mr. Clarence Winthrop Bowen, Ph.D., Secretary of the 
General Committee of the Centennial Celebration. 

In the unavoidable absence, on account of illness, of the 
Hon. Hamilton Fish, LL.D., President General and President 
of the General Committee of the Centennial Celebration, the 
Hon. Samuel Crocker Cobb, President of the Massachusetts 
State Society of the Cincinnati, by invitation of the Executive 
Committee, acted as Chairman; and a telegram of affectionate 
greeting was sent, by desire of the members present, to their 
venerable and honored President General expressive of their 
regret that he could not be with them. 

At the hour named, the members and guests proceeded to 
the large dining hall of the club, where grace was said by 

16 



the Rev. Dr. Samuel M. Shute, one of the Chaplains General 
of the Cincinnati. 

The table and the hall were profusely and tastefully 
decorated with flowers. 

The menu and toast list were as follows: — 

Menu. 

Little Neck Clams. 

POTAGES. 

Consommg Washington. Bisque d'Ecrevisses. 

RELEVEB. 

Saumon Sauce Riche. Filet de boeuf Rochambeau. 

ENTREES. 

Timbales Lafayette. Cotelettes d'agneau Viomfinil. 

LEGUMES. 

Pommes de terre Duchesse. Pois fran^ais. Haricots Verts maitre d'hotel. 
Asperges. Sauce Hollandaise. 

SORBET CINCnTOATI. 
ROTI. 

B6cassines sur CanapS. Salade de laitue. 

Bombe Hamilton. Petits fours, fruits, Pieces mont€s. 

Cafe. 



Toasts. 



1. The United States of America. 

Pennsylvania State Society of Cincinnati, 4th July, 1785. 

3. The Memory of His Excellency General Washington, our first President 

General. 

New York State Society of Cincinnati, 4th July, 1802. 

3. The Constitution of the United States of America — may it be perpetual. 

Maryland State Society of Cincinnati, 4th July, 1798. 

4. The Memory of Major-General Nathan-vel Greene and all who have fallen in 

defence of America. 
President General Washinqtoh's Toast in the South Carolina State Society of Cincinnati, 

4th May, 1791. 

.5. The 17th October, 1777, Saratoga, and 19th October, 1781, Torktown. 
Rhode Island State Society of Cincinnati, 4th July, 1788. 

6. All our Brethren who assisted either in the cabinet or field in the great work of 
Independence. 

New York State Society of Cindnnati, USA February, 1791. 
16 



7. Our ancient and brave Ally, the Nation of France. 

Massachusetts State Society of Cinciimati, 4th July, 1796. 

8. The Battles of Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth and Springfield, attested the 

valor of the Continental Line. 

New Jersey State Society of Cincinnati, 5th July, 1784. 

9. The Army and Navy of the United States. 

Ehode Island State Society of Cincinnati, 4th Jtily, 1798. 

10. The Tammany Society. 

New York State Society of Cincinnati, 4th July, 1793. 

11. The President General and the Members of the Cincinnati throughout the 

World. 

Massachusetts State Society of Cincinnati, 4th July, 1T87. 

12. The Original Society of the Cincinnati — the forlorn hope in establishing the 

independence of the United States of America. 

By their example may their successors labor to preserve and perpetuate 
the liberties that their patriotism acquired. 

Toast of Brevet Brigadier-General Henry Bcrbeck, of the Continental Army of the American 
Eevolution, in the Massachusetts State Society of Cincinnati, 4th July, 1S48. 

13. Perpetual Peace and Happiness to the United States of America. 

General Washington's Toast to the Continental Officers of the American Revolution, 
19th April, 1783. 



The Chairman, Hon. Samuel Ceocker Cobb, when the cloth 
had been removed, said : 

Brothers of the Cincinnati, and Fellow Citizens : As the 
representative for the time being of the committee under whose 
auspices this reunion has been arranged, I have the honor and 
the privilege to extend to you, each one and all, a cordial and 
fraternal welcome to the pleasures of this occasion. 

As successors of the brave and patriotic men who formed this 
brotherhood, this meeting is both timely and appropriate ; for it 
is not too much to say — I am sure the historical records will bear 
me out in saying — that the founders of this organization were 
the foremost actors in the various movements which culminated 
in that "more perfect union of the States," secured by the Fed- 
eral Constitution which went into operation a hundred years ago. 

Very happily, therefore, this centennial anniversary furnishes 
the opportunity for, a renewal and strengthening of our vows of 
allegiance to the principles and purposes upon which this Insti- 
tution was founded, so that its beneficent work may be perpet- 
uated, and its members made worthy of a glorious heritage. 

17 



Most sincerely do I unite with you'in regretting the absence 
of the honorable the President General of this Society, whose 
presence here to-night would have added much to the interest 
of this occasion. 

We are greatly disappointed, too, in not having with us, 
the honorable the Vice-President General, who has served 
with distinction during the past four years as the official 
representative of the United States to our ancient ally, the 
nation which gave us Lafayette, Eochambeau, De Grasse, 
D'Estaing, and their compatriots. 

Six years ago the Society of the Cincinnati celebrated its 
centennial birthday and drank its annual toast to the "Mem- 
ory of Washington," its first President General. To-day its 
representatives have assembled in this metropolis to unite in 
the ceremonies attending the centennial celebration of his 
inauguration as the First President of the United States. 

Animated and inspired by the many precious associations 
which cluster around the memory of the immortal Washington, 
let us pray to God that the celebration which is about to be com- 
memorated may speak to us afresh of the noble virtues and 
patriotic fidelity of him, whose example it will be the glory and 
salvation of our country to imitate. 

But, gentlemen, it is not my purpose to detain you with 
any extended remarks. We are honored by the presence of 
several distinguished gentlemen to whose words I shall now 
invite your attention. 

It is now my privilege to announce the first regular toast, 
and to call upon the Hon. Eutherford B. Hayes, ex-President 
of the United States, to respond. 

The band having played " Hail Columbia," General Hayes 
rose to respond and was received with cheers. 

He spoke as follows : 



18 



First Toast. 

►^ 

" The United States op Amekica." 
tResponScS to b^ 

llDon. lRutberfor5 J6. iba^es, %%.'S)., 

El=lPrcsl5ent of tbe IHnUcO States. 



Mr, President and Gentlemen: The same thoughtful court- 
esy which has given me the opportunity to enjoy with you 
this delightful occasion would, it is likely, excuse me if I 
should attempt, without careful preparation, to discuss the 
large and attractive sentiment which has been read. But I 
could not excuse myself if I were to make such a return for 
your kindness. 

When informed this afternoon that it was expected that 
I would respond to this important toast, it occurred to me that 
it would be speech enough, under the circimistances, to ask a 
single question, and to give to it a categorical reply. 

Before doing this, I wish to thank the Society of the Cin- 
cinnati for the privilege of meeting this distinguished com- 
pany — the successors and descendants of the immortal band 
of patriots who stood shoulder to shoulder with Washington 
and Knox and Hamilton, with Lafayette and Steuben and 

19 



"Wayne, in the long, hard contest for Independence. Your 
Society was formed when the officers of the Continental army 
were about to part, perhaps for ever, from each other, and 
from their beloved and revered commander. It was instituted 
to be a memorial of that seven years' conflict, and to per- 
petuate the friendships formed in that "divine and stainless 
war." What noble and inspiring recollections and associa- 
tions cling in adamant around the names and deeds of those 
great years. They were indeed our country's heroic age ! 

The question I wish to ask and to answer is: What are 
the fruits of the achievements of those days ? What was 
gained by the War of Independence ? The answer — the all- 
sufficient answer — is : Those days gave to us, to the world, to 
the future of all mankind — the United States of America ! 




20 





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Second Toast. 



'The Memory op His Excellency General Washington, our First 
President General." 



This toast, in accordance with the custom of eighty-nine 
years, was acknowledged standing and in silence. 




21 




Third Toast. 



' ' The Constitution op the United States op America — May it be 

Perpetual." 



iRcspon&c& to b^s 

Ibon. Hsa asirt) ©ar&tner, %%.'B., 
Secrctarg ©cneral of tbc Cincinnati. 



Mr. Chairman : Although the cares and duties incident to 
this particular commemoration, and to those of a later day in 
this centennial celebration, have left no time for preparation 
for the toast to which I have the honor to respond, never- 
theless no student of American History present here this 
evening, and surrounded by those whose names recall the 
illustrious services of their ancestors to our country, could, if 
called upon, fail to say something suitable to the occasion. 

I trust I may be pardoned for digressing a little to become 
personal, and to allude to some of those I see near me at this 
board, whose names bring vividly before me events connected 
with the " times that tried men's souls." 

On my right is our Chaplain' for the evening, the grand- 
nephew, representative and namesake of Brevet Captain Sam- 

1 The Rev. Samuel Moore Shute, D.D., Prof, of Eng. Lang, and Lit., Coliunbiaja University. 
22 



uel Moore Shute of the 2d Regiment New Jersey Continental 
Infantry of the Revolution, in that Jersey Brigade whose 
services were conspicuous for gallantry in all the general ac- 
tions in which the main Continental Army fought. 

You,' sir, come next in line, and recall, in the services of 
your grandfather, Lieutenant-Colonel David Cobb, Aide-de- 
Camp to Washington, those great events which terminated in 
that memorable resignation by the Commander-in-Chief of his 
commission at Annapolis on December 23d, 1783. 

Our honored guest' on your right, recalls the services of 
the New York Militia in the Revolution, in which his grand- 
father, Rutherford Hayes, served as an Ensign. The Right Rev. 
Bishop of Iowa,' second on your right, reminds me that his 
grandfather served as a lieutenant at the siege of Boston, and 
his great-grandfather and namesake. Captain WiUiam Stevens, 
2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery, displayed at the 
siege of Yorktown, such ability in the precision of fire of his 
battery as to evoke the admiration of the French officers. 

Our honored guest,* next on the right, the grandson of Major 
and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, 3d Regi- 
ment Continental Light Dragoons, recalls the gallant services 
of his grandfather as commanding officer at the capture of 
Fort George — services which received the thanks of Congress 
and Washington. 

The later important services of Major Tallmadge under 
the direct personal orders of the Commander-in-Chief in the 
"Neutral Ground" of Westchester County, was the occasion 
of his being made the prototype of the historic character "Major 
Dunwoodie" in J. Fenimore Cooper's novel of the " Spy." 

At the right of the President of the Sons of the Revolution 
sits one of our Maryland members,' wearing the very eagle 
of our order presented to his grandfather by the immortal 
Washington, whose Aide-de-Camp he was to the close of the 
Revolution. 



1 Hon. Samuel Crocker Cobb. 

2 Hon. Rutherford B. Hayes. LL.D. 

3 The Right Rev. WiUiara Stevens Perry, D.D., LL. D., D.C.L. 
i Hon. Frederick Samuel TaUmadge. 

6 Mr. Oswald Tiighman. 

23 



His next neighbor," the President of the Commissioners of 
the District of Columbia, also of the Maryland Cincinnati, 
recalls the fact that his grandfather. Captain John Webb, of 
the Second Regiment Continental Light Dragoons, was Aide- 
de-Camp to Major-General Robert Howe, and a most popular 
officer. 

I might continue, sir, these illustrations to all here present, 
but before I pass to the consideration of the toast, I cannot 
but allude to the member' to the right of the President of the 
Commissioners for the District of Columbia, great-grandson and 
namesake of Brigadier-General Daniel Morgan, whose services at 
the assault on Quebec, and at the battles of Stillwater and Sara- 
toga, and as Commanding General in the great victory of the 
"Cowpens," are still gratefully remembered by the American 
people. 

Nor can I fail to allude to my dear friend " here on my left, 
the President of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania, grandson of 
that gallant and intrepid soldier. Brigadier and Brevet Major- 
General Anthony Wayne, who became eventually General-in- 
Chief of the United States Army, and whose brilliant services 
in every action in which he was engaged, including the storm- 
ing of Stony Point in 1779 and the action of Jamestown 
Ford in 1781, caused the soldiers to give him the affectionate 
soubriquet of "Mad Anthony," and has ever made his name 
a favorite one with students of American history. 

Facing me are two members, one* whose grandfather, 
Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General Samuel Blachley Webb, 
served as an Aide-de-Camp to Washington at Boston, and 
later as Colonel of the Third Regiment Connecticut Conti- 
nental Infantry to the peace of 1783 ; and the other,' whose 
grandfather. Captain and Brevet Major John Carroway Smith, 
First Regiment South Carolina Continental Infantry, served 
under Major-General Benjamin Lincoln in the bloody trenches 
of Savannah, and later at the capitulation of Charleston, S. C. 

1 Hon. William Bemiing Webb. 

2 Captain Daniel Morgan Taylor, Ordnance Department United States Army. 

3 Hon. William Wayne. 

■• Brevet Major-General Alexander Stewart Webb, LL. D., late United States Army, President 
■of the College of the City of New York. 
« Mr. Stephen Calhoun Smith. 

24 



The sentiments, sir, Jof the original Cincinnati were fully 
expressed, as to the Constitution of the United States, in the 
toast to which I will now try to respond. 
A ITo class of citizens were as keenly sensible of the imbecility 
/ and inefficiency of the Articles of Confederation, under which 
the war of the Revolution closed, as were the Continental 
officers. 

The State Governments had sufficient executive powers 
to enable them to levy taxes and properly support and pay 
their functionaries. 

The United States Government had practically but two 
classes of oflBcials, viz. : the extrenaely limited number of civil 
functionaries at the Capitol in Philadelphia and the Conti- 
nental Army, on which the hopes of the nation depended for 
independence. 

The Continental Navy had long since practically disap- 
peared. The citizen, at home, having his local rights reason- 
ably protected by his State, and the theatre of war removed 
to a distance, saw but dimly, if at all, the fatally defective 
character of the Articles of Confederation. 

The Continental oflBcers, however, had starved at Valley 
Forge, in the Highlands of the Hudson, in the Northern 
Department, and in the Jersies, and their men had often been 
days together without proper subsistence and almost always 
without suitable clothing or camp and garrison equipage. 

They had seen the solemn and repeated promises of Congress 
as to pay, clothing, allowances and pensions broken — all because 
of the absolute inability of Congress to enforce by taxation its 
requirements. 

There being no sanctions to the Congressional ordinances, 
the Continental officers saw those ordinances treated with 
neglect and indifference, and, as a consequence, they and 
their men, towards the end of the war, were left without 
pay for as long as two years. 

But the fire of patriotism burned strongly in the hearts of 

' the original Cincinnati, and nearly all of them were obliged 

to sacrifice their estates and property — and become beggared — 

in order to support themselves and families, and to continue in 

25 



service and prevent the disbandment of the army before peace 
should be assured. 

Therefore — they were intensely in earnest as to the necessity 
of a National Government for national purposes, such as they 
had witnessed in 1775-76, and they were of one mind that a 
good Constitution was a national necessity. 

Accordingly their favorite toasts indicative of their senti- 
ments were all in this direction. 

Washington, Lafayette, Knox, and other Cincinnati all 
wrote urging the necessity of these changes. 
/^ When the army was about to lay down arms, assumed for 
/ public defence, and disband, the officers, in their canton- 
ments on the Hudson, formed the Society of the Cincinnati. 

The only political principle incorporated in their beloved 
"Institution" of 1783 was "an unalterable determination to 
promote and cherish between the respective States that union 
and national honor so essentially necessary to their happi- 
ness and the future dignity of the American Empire. " 

Each State Society was required to write annually, or 
oftener if necessary, a circular letter to the other State So- 
cieties noting whatever they might think worthy of observa- 
tion respecting the general union of the States. 

Therefore it is not to be wondered at, that in all move- 
ments leading up to the adoption and ratification of the 
United States Constitution the Cincinnati were potentially 
conspicuous. 

Time will not permit me to give details. 

Nearly all the Governors or Presidents of States, as well 
as the President of the Continental Congress, were, in 1787, 
members of our Order. 

Nearly half of the members of the Committee of the Con- 
tinental Congress which recommended the calling of a Consti- 
tutional Convention belonged to the Order of the Cincinnati, 
as did nearly half of the Convention itself, including the 
President and Secretary and nearly half of those who signed 
the engrossed copy of the Constitution when it was adopted. 

It was a member of the Order who moved in the Conti- 
nental Congress that the Constitution as adopted by the Con- 

26 



vention, and presented for consideration, be submitted to the 
several States for ratification, and after ratification had taken 
place in the necessary number of States, it was a member 
who, in his place in the Continental Congress, moved the 
necessary resolution for putting into effect the new Govern- 
ment under the Constitution. 

When it had been ratified by a sufficient number of States, 
not only State Societies of the Cincinnati, but the General So- 
ciety at its next triennial meeting, expressed to their President 
General their extreme satisfaction, and declared that a good 
Constitution was the object for which they had risked their 
lives and experienced unparalleled difficulties. 

With the adoption of the Constitution, the political efforts of 
the Cincinnati, as such, came to an end. Political parties in the 
country have since risen and fallen, and political associations 
have existed for longer or shorter periods, but the Society of the 
Cincinnati, placed on a higher plane than that of mere local 
politics, and secure in the affection and respect of those who 
can appreciate the sacrifices and efforts of its founders and the 
objects of their "Institution," has continued and still continues 
as the symbol of the generous impulses and self-sacrificing 
patriotism which gave to the American people, in the language 
of President General Washington, "national existence, pros- 
perity, felicity and safety." 

From this brief recapitulation of what the Society of the Cin- 
cinnati did towards the framing and adoption of the Constitu- 
tion of the United States, it can with propriety be urged that 
it is peculiarly entitled to celebrate this centennial, and indeed 
it may be said that no other organization in the country can 
prefer the same claims in this behalf. 

That the Constitution may be perpetual was the hope and 
desire of our Revolutionary ancestors and is our own. 

Thanking you, Mr. Chairman and dear Brethren, for the 
particular attention with which you have listened to my re- 
marks, I beg to close in the poetic language of a patriotic lady, 
uttered in the memorable year, 1779, when John Paul Jones, 
in the "Bon Homme Richard," taught the British Navy that 
Britannia could not always rule the waves, and Anthony Wayne, 

27 



at "Stoney Point," showed that the British bayonet was the 
heritage of the American Continental : 

God save our States! 
MaJke us victorious, 
Happy and glorious, 

God save our States! 





Fourth Toast. 



' The memory of Majoh-Genebal Nathanael Greene, and all who have 
fallen in defence of america." 



1Rc6pon6c6 to b? 

1bon. James Simons, 

Speaf?er of tbe Soutb Carolina Ibouse ot TRepresentattvee. 

Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: I thank you sincerely for 
the very kind and gracious reception accorded to me. I have 
just arrived in the city and hastened to attend this assembly. 
I regret that I do not find here the venerable and reverend 
President of the South Carolina State branch of the Cincinnati, 
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, who I expected would have re- 
sponded to the sentiment which has just been announced. No 
man could have done so more appropriately, bearing as he does 
an illustrious name, identified with the great struggle which 
gave this great country life — the grandson of Major-General 
Thomas Pinckney and the grandnephew of Major-General 
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, both distinguished soldiers of 
the Eevolution, both Presidents General of the Order of the 
Cincinnati. 

The Vice-President of the Order in my State, I am here as 
a descendant of one who was a young man in the days of the 
Revolution, who, whilst he attained no higher rank than that 

29 



of a field officer, had the privilege of shedding his blood in the 
great cause of liberty, striving, as did a multitude of others, 
the vast majority of whom are unknown to fame, to fulfil the 
high duty of patriotism. 

Standing here in this great — ^this wonderful city — the com- 
mon pride of all Americans — and viewing our country as it is 
to-day — the great republic of the world — in reverence and grati- 
tude we contemplate the memory of those who have trans- 
mitted this heritage, not only to their posterity but to man- 
kind ; whose enlightenment and devotion, whose blood and 
sacrifices have made possible what we enjoy to-day. 

Dear to us is the name of Greene — the man whose con- 
stancy and wisdom, fidelity and self-control, whose never 
flinching heroism kept alive the fire of Liberty throughout 
the gloom of the Southern campaign. It is unnecessary to 
rehearse this great chapter in his and his country's history. 
Its details are familiar to all who feel any pride in the glory 
of the country, and I am sure need not be recounted in this 
presence. 

Greene was a general — a great general — but he was greater 
still : he was a patriot and the leader of patriots. Justly did 
he earn his great fame — deservedly is his name identified with 
the independence of the nation. 

He and the other renowned men of that day did their part. 
So did their comrades and their followers, who, whilst their 
services may not have been as brilliant or their renown as 
great, did as much as the greatest — they did their duty. 

Let us, then, on this grand memorial occasion, with grati- 
tude in our hearts, offer our reverent and affectionate tributes 
to the memory of all, humble or exalted, who gave their lives 
to the great cause. 

What juster measure of the gratitude we owe the men of 
the Revolution than the simple exclamation, uttered in the 
nineteenth century, " I am an American citizen !" 




30 




Fifth Toast. 



" The 17th day op Octobee, 1777, at Saratoga, akd the IQth of October, 

1781, at Toektown." 



IResponiet to bi tbc 

IRt. IRev. Mllliam Stevens perrs, 2).S>. (® jon.), 3LX.S)., D.C.X., 



aSisbop of ITowa. 



ilfr. Chairman and Brethren of the Cincinnati : It is but 
fitting that on an occasion and in a presence such as this, 
our thoughts should revert to our ancestors in whose right 
we are here to-night. My thoughts, Mr. President and Breth- 
ren, were thus turned when the allotment of this toast was 
made but a moment since ; and I confess that it was with 
a feeling of envy that I recalled the fact that Lieutenant 
Abel Perry of Massachusetts, member of the Provincial As- 
sembly, of the Committee of Safety, officer of the 31st Con- 
tinental Regiment of Foot, and out at Concord, Lexington, 
Bunker Hill and the seige of Boston, was, in the phrase of the 
day, a minute man — always ready for the fray ; always pre- 
pared to do and dare at duty's call. If there were aU we 
think there is in heredity, I ought to be a minute man to- 

31 



night, ready and glad to respond to the toast so kindly as- 
signed to me by your authoritative command. Would that I 
were ready and able to respond to words so full of meaning — 
so suggestive to a patriotic heart ! At Saratoga, on the 17th 
of October, 1777, the Convention was signed making the 
army of Lieutenant-General John Burgoyne prisoners of war. 
At the tune of "Yankee Doodle" the American soldiery 
marched into the British lines while the English marched out, 
and out of sight of their generous victors, laid down their 
arms. At Yorktown, on another October day but three years 
later, another British general, Lieutenant-General Earl Corn- 
wallis, yielded his sword, another British army laid down its 
arms, each surrendering to 

" That illustrious man, 
That unblemished gentleman," 

the General of the Army of the Revolution, our first Presi- 
dent General. It was in consequence of the success at Sara- 
toga, a victory won by the bravery of the men of the North, 
that Washington gained at the distant South the final triumph. 
At Saratoga, Yorktown was made possible, and though there 
were days of doubt and defeat intervening — though Valley 
Forge had its tale to tell of privations, sufferings, discontent 
and dark forebodings — between these two successes we may well 
believe that but for the victory of October 17th, 1777, the 
close of the strife on the 19th of October, 1781, would not 
have been assured. Thus mingle the North and the South in 
toil and triumph in the same great cause. Thus from the 
victory at the North "the little candle throws its light afar," 
and the Old Dominion is illumined by its gleaming and made 
more glorious in its last, its crowning triumph. Thus may it 
ever be, the North and the South united in the upholding of 
the republic formed by the sacrifices and successes of each. 
One may not claim the victory without the other. To each 
its own ; to both united, the fullest, most lasting praise ! 

The "minute "man, Mr. Chairman and Brethren, must not 
exceed the limit suggested by his very name. My minute for 
to-night is passed. I will not keep you longer. To-morrow I 

32 



am to speak at length in that historic church, which, recalling 
as it does our early days and standing as it does amidst our 
noble dead, seems fittingly our chapel, our special shrine, as 
Saint George's, Windsor, is the sanctuary of England's and the 
world's greatest order of knighthood. And mindful of the 
morrow and its sacred duty, I will close to-night with but a 
word : — Saratoga and Yorktown ! God hath joined them to- 
gether on the page of history, and in the remembrance of 
each patriotic heart may their union never be broken. May 
the welding together of North and South, East and West, in 
our great and glorious union be perpetual. Let no man put 
asunder these whom God hath joined ! 



&/^ 




as 




Sixth Toast. 



"All OCR bkethren who assisted either m the Cabinet or field in the 

GREAT WORK OP INDEPENDENCE." 



tfiesponbei to b's 

Ibon. 3Fre&ericft Samuel Uallma&oe, 
IPreet&cnt of tbc Socicts of tbe Sons of tbe IRevolution. 



Mr. Chairman: On behalf of the "Sons of the Revolution," 
whom I have the honor to represent, I tender to you my sincere 
thanks for this opportunity of meeting you. In this Society of 
the Cincinnati I have always felt a deep interest. Indeed, my 
regard for it is something intense. But towards the Society of 
the Sons of the Revolution I feel the warmth of a first love. 
Judge, then, of the gratification I experience in the blending of 
these sentiments this evening, when you meet to conunemorate 
the hundredth anniversary of the Inauguration of "George 
Washington " as first President of the United States, and the 
first President General of your Society. That gratification has 
been increased by listening to the frequent reference to our an- 
cestors by the speakers who have preceded me. If that child be 
wise who knows his own father, how much wiser is he, who, in 

34 



these centennial times, knows his own grandfather. Early tra- 
ditions have been discussed, and the family Bible referred to and 
opened by some people, perhaps for the first time, in a vain 
search for the records of virtues they are supposed to have in- 
herited and are staggering under at the present time. Indeed, 
had Sir Walter Scott survived until the present moment, what 
fresh illustrations he would have found for his " Tales of a 
Grandfather." 

But, Mr. Chairman, while thanking you for the enjoyment of 
this meeting, let us not forget the admirable tact of your Com- 
mittee in selecting this Hall of the "Lawyers' Club" for the 
dinner to-night. Here the President of the United States wiU 
receive the welcome of the City of New York day after to-mor- 
row, and I am sure the legal atmosphere of calfskin, parchment 
and foolscap will be lost in the odor of sanctity and patriotism 
infused into this room by this meeting. 

"Inter arma leges silent." 

Thus the President will be prepared for the honors that await 
him. But, Sir, there are other reasons why I thank you for the 
privilege of being here and responding to the sentiment : All our 
brethren toho assisted either in the Cabinet or field in the great 
work of Independence. I am glad of the opportunity of present- 
ing the claims of "The Society of the Sons of the Revolution," 
whose Constitution, following almost the exact words of the 
toast, admits to membership : Any person who is descended 
from an ancestor, who either as a military or naval officer, 
soldier or sailor, assisted in establishing American Independ- 
ence. The Sons have come home to-night to dine with their 
Sires, and I ask a cordial welcome for them. They are here to 
celebrate the Centennial, and are entitled to the fatted calf, 
although they may not be prodigal. You, gentlemen, have inher- 
ited a proud record of the past. We believe we have a proud 
future before us, and as I listen with so much pride and pleasure 
to the tribute of praise you pay to your ancestors, I say to my- 
self, you, their descendants, are the right kind of material to 
make good Sons of the Revolution out of, and in that way aid us 



in transmitting to posterity your and our patriotic inheritance 
undimmed by time and untarnished by abuse. Help us to look 
forward as well as backward, and hold a Centennial feast every 
year. Shall we wait another hundred years before we shall be 
patriotic ? You owe a debt to your ancestors. We propose to 
pay it. Not by eating and drinking, and resolving that " we are 
the righteous and shall inherit the land," but by publications, 
public discussions, the erection of monuments to the memory of 
patriots of '76, and the celebration of anniversaries conmiemora- 
tive of the battles of the Revolution, and thus strive 

*' To make mankind in conscious virtue bold, 
Live o'er each scene and be what they behold." 

For, after all, patriotism, or love of your country, is to a cer- 
tain extent a matter of education. It may slumber and die, un- 
less kept alive by appeals to the head and heart as pictures culti- 
vate and discipline the eye. 

Now, Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Cincinnati Society, 
may we not have your aid, your influence and your co-operation 
in carrying on this good work ? Let us be the connecting link 
between the past and the future in perpetuating forever the glo- 
rious principles of American liberty. What we have inherited 
help us to teach posterity how to enjoy. If our societies can and 
will unite in such influences and aims, I am sure I can call upon 
my friend on my left, Bishop Perry, to bless our Union. " Whom 
God hath joined together let no man put asunder." 




36 



Seventh Toast. 

"Our ancient and brave ally, the Nation op France.' 

iflespon6c6 to bt ibou. Jatites /ID. Darnum. 



Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Society: Before re- 
sponding to this sentiment you will permit me on behalf of 
the Hon. Hamilton Fish, the President General of the Society 
of the Cincinnati for more than a third of a century, and 
President of the New York Society, to present to you his 
sincere regrets that physical infirmities prevent him from being 
present this evening, and uniting with you in the celebration 
of this great anniversary. Mr. Alexander Hamilton,' Vice- 
President of the New York Society, is also unable, by reason 
of ill health, from coming to New York this evening, but sends 
through me his best wishes for the success of our meeting. 

" Our ancient and brave ally, the Nation of France " — a toast 
offered in 1796 at the meeting of the Massachusetts Society of 
the (Jincinnati. 

We are carried back by this sentiment more than a hundred 
and ten years, to the darkest days of the American Revolution, 
when all seemed dreary, hopeless, and uncertain, back to the 

I Hon. Alexander Hamilton, of the New York Society of Cincinnati, died at Tarrytown, 
K. Y., 30th December, 1889, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. 

37 



days of Valley Forge, where a heroic and gallant army, half 
fed, half clothed, and well-nigh disheartened, were looking in 
vain for some hope or ray of encouragement to show that their 
labor might possibly bear fruit, and that their long struggle 
against oppression might be crowned with success. 

The clouds gathered closer and darker about them, and even 
the heart of Washington was oppressed with dismal forebod- 
ings as to the result of the long continued struggle against 
fearful odds. 

But suddenly the clouds seemed to be breaking, and as they 
parted and floated swiftly by, their glorious silver lining be- 
came revealed to the almost disheartened patriots, filling their 
hearts with encouragement and with hope for the future. 

For in May, 1778, there came to the camp at Valley Forge 
the news of the Treaty of Lyons, and that the great and power- 
ful nation of France had acknowledged the independence of 
the American Colonies, and had resolved to aid them with all 
its resources in securing and making permanent that inde- 
pendence. 

History tells us what a great day that was at Valley Forge 
when the news was received, and what a grand celebration of 
the event took place in the camp under the orders of General 
"Washington. 

From across the broad ocean, from a nation old in years, 
rich in resources, influential in the affairs of the world, there 
had come words of encouragement and hope to the poor strug- 
gling colonists in America. France had spoken, and, through 
Louis XVI., had said: "Be brave-hearted, be courageous, be 
encouraged. The great nation of France will stand by those 
struggling against oppression on the American continent." 
And it was not only by words that the help was given, for 
soon across the Atlantic came great ships of the line and trans- 
ports laden with ammunition and supplies and gold, and filled 
with troops, officered by the ablest and bravest officers that all 
France could furnish, to aid us in our struggle for indepen- 
dence. 

The members of this Society are, as a rule, careful students 
of American history, and there is surely no need for me to 

38 



refer in detail to those subsequent historical events with which 
you are all so familiar. 

I do not say that without the assistance and aid of France 
there would not have been an American Eepubhc — that victory 
might not in the end have perched upon the banners of "Wash- 
ington, even had he not received this assistance from the ally 
across the great sea. But I think you will all agree with me 
that the end came sooner, that the success was greater, and 
that perhaps even success was wrenched from defeat by the 
timely action and active and efficient support of our great ally, 
the Nation of France. 

It is but natural, then, that we, descendants of Revolution- 
ary sires, should have a deep regard for France. She may be 
Empire, Kingdom, or Republic, it is all the same to us ; we 
look back an hundred years through our grandfathers' spec- 
tacles and see only, and seeing we love, "Our ancient and 
brave ally, the Nation of France." 

We remember Louis XVI., to whom we all owe so much, 
and Rochambeau, D'Estaing, De Grasse, De Chastellux, Noailles, 
De Lauzun, St. Simon, and all that long list of brave soldiers 
and sailors of France who did so much to insure our country's 
independence. 

And kindlier and dearer than all is the memory of one 
young, brave, and gallant French nobleman, who left rank, 
wealth, and home, to place his sword at the disposal of Wash- 
ington, and to risk his life and his honor in behalf of American 
freedom. If France had done nothing more for us we should 
still hold her in loving remembrance as the fatherland of the 
gallant Marquis de Lafayette. 

And hence is it, my friends, that the American people, and 
especially we of the Order of the Cincinnati, hold in kindly 
and grateful remembrance our ancient and brave ally, the 
Nation of France, and especially those of that nationality who 
are the descendants and representatives of the French soldiers 
and sailors who aided our ancestors in the establishment of our 
Republic. 

Is this interest one-sided, do you ask— have the descendants 
of the French officers who took part in our Revolution, and 

39 



who were members of the Order of the Cincinnati, any active 
interest in the America of to-day — any pride in the exploits of 
their ancestors — any knowledge of and interest in this Order, 
and any desire to claim the right of hereditary membership 
therein ? 

These questions are answered in part by the fact set forth 
in the records of the last triennial meeting of the Society of the 
Cincinnati in 1887, that a number of French gentlemen en- 
titled to hereditary membership in the Society have formed a 
provisional organization for the purpose of reviving the French 
branch of the Society, with the Marquis de Rochambeau as 
provisional President and the Vicomte de ISToailles as Secretary, 
and have applied for and obtained recognition from the General 
Society. They are answered in part by applications which have 
been made by descendants of those French officers of a hundred 
or more years ago, to be admitted as members of our Order, 
through some of our State Societies, and to have thus restored 
to them the heritage of their fathers. And some of us, too, 
can bear personal testimony to the deep and strong interest 
which some of these descendants take in our historic Order. 
Speaking for myself, I can say that it has been my own 
pleasure and privilege to meet many of them on terms of 
friendship. I have visited at Havana the Marquis du Quesne, 
a deputy in the Spanish Cortes, and a descendant of Rear- 
Admiral the Marquis du Quesne, and have seen with what 
pride and gratification he produced and wore the Order of the 
Society of the Cincinnati, which had descended to him from his 
grandfather. I have visited as an honored guest at the historic 
Chateau Rochambeau, the home of the great Marshal of France 
the Comte de Rochambeau, and in the bedchamber occupied by 
him in his lifetime I have seen the most prominent feature, a 
portrait of Washington, the first President General of this 
Society, and side by side with the insignia of the Golden 
Fleece and other decorations, and in a place of honor, I have 
seen our own eagle — the Order of the Cincinnati — which had 
been worn by the great Comte de Rochambeau more than a 
century ago. 

It has been my pleasure to meet that distinguished states - 

40 



man and courtly gentleman the Duke and Prince de Broglie, 
and to be assured by him of his pride at the part taken by his 
grandfather, the Prince de Broglie, in the achievement of 
American independence, and of his interest in the Society of 
the Cincinnati, and his cordial and earnest desire to co-operate 
in the movement for the re-establishment of the French Society 
of the Order. 

And from time to time, too, there comes to me friendly 
reminders from Besangon, or from the mountains of the Vosges, 
that the Comte d'Ollone, as the representative of Viomenil and 
grandson of a gallant oflBcer of the Auxiliary Army, has an 
abiding and enduring Interest in the welfare of the Society of 
the Cincinnati. 

And so, gentlemen, because of those French heroes of the 
past, who were the firm friends of our Revolutionary sires, be- 
cause of their descendants, who now, in friendly remembrance 
of that past, send kindly greetings to us, because by the action 
of the French nation in 1778, the independence of our country 
was assured, I ask you to fill again your glasses, and to drink 
once again to the toast of " Our ancient and brave ally, the 
Nation of France." 




41 




Eighth Toast. 



' The Battles of Trenton, Pbinceton, Monmotjth and Springfield, 
attested the valor of the continental line." 



«eBpon6e6 to bs IbOTl. JOblX dfttCb.' 



31r. Chairman and Brethren of the Society : Sad and dark 
were the prospects of the Colonies, on the eve preceding the bat- 
tles of Trenton and Princeton. The brave Continentals march- 
ing through New Jersey's frozen and snow covered fields, turned 
upon Cornwallis at Trenton and Princeton, stayed the British 
progress towards Philadelphia, checked the tide of success of 
the English army, and enabled our Continental Line to go safely 
into winter quarters. These victories gave the colonists their 
first hope of success. They showed that the " Continental Line " 
could successfully contend with England's best soldiers. They 
cheered the drooping spirits of the Whigs, gained over to the Col- 
onies the hesitating and doubtful, and crushed the hopes of the 
Tories. Washington's success at Trenton and Princeton gave us 
the friendship of France and Holland, and made Saratoga possi- 
ble, and enabled the country to raise an army to meet and cap- 



i Hon. John Fitch, of the New Jersey Society of Cmcinnati, died in the City of New York,. 
September 1, 1880, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. 

42 



ture Burgoyne. Our great victory at Saratoga gave us the 
French aUiance, and had it not been for the arms and ammuni- 
tion, and the navy which she sent us and of which we were so 
sadly in need, we could not have succeeded. Had Washington 
been defeated at Trenton and Princeton, there would have been 
no Free and Independent United States, no Centennial, no Society 
of the Cincinnati. We should not have been here to-night and 
this land would not now be called the " United States." The 
Colonies would have been crushed, governed by the bayonet, and 
England would have taxed us to the limit of endurance. It was 
the Continental Line that did the fighting ; it was Brigadier- 
General Hugh Mercer's Brigade that made the attack and won 
the victory at Princeton. The Brigade was composed of the 
Fourth Connecticut, in these battles commanded by one of my 
ancestors; the New Hampshire regiment under Stark, who after- 
wards won at Bennington; and two Massachusetts regiments, 
one commanded by Colonel Hutchinson, and the other by 
Colonel Stone. The battles of Trenton and Princeton con- 
stituted an epoch in the Revolution, the pivot upon which 
success depended. They have never yet received due credit 
for what they effected, and the effect has never as yet 
been fairly or sufficiently chronicled, nor has it received the 
attention it deserves. Neither has the bravery of the Con- 
tinental Line on that occasion been sufficiently applauded 
or appreciated. It was, and may be called, the first deci- 
sive battle of the Revolution, and it certainly was a battle, 
calling Trenton and Princeton one battle, of which a contrary 
result — the defeat of Gen. Washington — would have essentially 
changed the fate of the Colonies, and their subsequent careers 
would have been entirely varied in the drama of the world. 
Historians say that among the fifteen decisive battles of the 
world, Saratoga was one of them. Now, I claim that Trenton 
and Princeton should have been named as well as or perhaps in- 
stead of Saratoga, because had we been defeated at Trenton and 
Princeton, the Colonies would have been crushed ; we could not 
have raised an army with which to have won Saratoga, and 
there would have been no United States. If Washington had 
been defeated at Trenton, Cornwallis would have followed up 

43 



his success, received large reinforcements from New York, and 
followed Washington's army untU it was captured or scattered, 
and that would have closed the scene. Again, the Continentals 
at Monmouth drove England's best soldiers from the battle-field, 
forcing them to seek safety under the guns of the British fleet, 
then anchored in the Lower Bay. Our victories at Saratoga and 
Monmouth gave us the aid of France with an army and a fleet 
of more than thirty sail, by the aid of which we captured Corn- 
wallis with his army and the fleet at Yorktown, which ended the 
Revolution and established our Independence. Thus it was that 
the bravery of the Continental Line gave us our Independence and 
enabled Liberty to be proclaimed throughout the land. Thus to 
the battles fought by the Continentals on New Jersey's blood- 
stained soil we are indebted for what we are to-day. God bless 
France, old New Jersey, and the Continental Line ! This is 
not all we have to thank them and her for. But for them we 
should not have been a nation, and there would not have been a 
Government Uke ours, " of the people, by the people, and for the 
people," and the mighty "West would have been a howling wil- 
derness, probably not settled beyond the Mississippi River at this 
time, and the religion of the Saviour, commencing at Jerusalem, 
following the sun in its westerly course around the world, would 
not as yet have crossed this continent and found its way as it 
has nearly done across Asia around to Jerusalem, thus nearly 
fulfilling the commands of the Saviour to His disciples : " Go 
ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature, so 
I am with you always, even unto the ends of the world." I be- 
lieve it was the will of God and His design to spread the religion 
of the Saviour by way of Trenton, Princeton and Monmouth 
across this continent to Asia, and through Asia to Jerusalem, 
and that the Continental Line for that purpose took the place of 
His disciples, and let us all say : 

God Bless Old New Jersey and the Continental Line. 



At the conclusion of Mr. Fitch's response, the Chairman 
called upon the Rev. Dr. Samuel Moore Shute to respond to 
the same toast. 

44 



a&Sitional response to Eigbtb 'Soast, bs tbe 

IRev. Samuel /iDoore Sbute, S). 2). 

2Ir. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Cincinnati : I presume 
that I but put into words the one common sentiment that 
throbs in your souls to-night, when I say that this imposing 
social assemblage, and the interesting exercises connected 
with it, are a most fitting prelude to the august ceremonies 
about to be inaugurated in this great metropohs of the nation. 
The Man, the Society, the Constitution! What more stimu- 
lating and ennobling themes could be presented for the con- 
sideration of an assemblage, the members of which are the sons 
of those sires of the heroic age of the Republic, who pledged 
their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor, that they 
would unfalteringly aid the Man in his arduous efforts to 
achieve our independence; who, having nobly redeemed their 
pledges to secure it, formed the Society, whose one supreme 
aim should be to tenderly care for the widows and orphans 
of those brother officers who laid down their lives on the bloody 
field of strife, and also to cultivate through the faithful Uves 
of their sons, during all the after generations, an unwavering 
loyalty to the institutions, the foundations of which they them- 
selves had patiently laid in the expenditure of so much toil 
and blood ; and who, moreover, aided by Divine guidance, 
put into our incomparable written Constitution those wise 
provisions, which, by their careful and conscientious adminis- 
tration, have made us one of the most enlightened, useful, 
and powerful of the nations. A theme as inspiring as ever 
poet wove into immortal verse, or painter ever wrought in 
living colors on canvas. 

The Man, by world-wide consent, the foremost among men 
throughout all the annals of human history ! The Society, 
unique in its origin, unsurpassed in the admirable virtues of 
its founders, and eminent for the honors conferred upon it 
in lands beyond the sea, as well as in its native home ! A 
Constitution, so strong, that it has survived the titanic 
shocks of the most terrific civil war that ever devastated the 

45 



fair fields of earth; and so elastic that it adapts itself as readily 
to a domain stretching from ocean to ocean, as it did to the 
original narrow Atlantic strip of coast with its thirteen colonies; 
and as completely meeting the multiplied wants of sixty-five 
millions of people as it did those of three milhons ! 

In aiding the Man, in organizing the Society, in elaborat- 
ing the Constitution, New Jersey contributed her share, and 
with a heartiness, a persistency, and a success, which won the 
admiration of her sister colonies. Upon her soil some of the 
most briUiant military movements and achievements of the 
war were accomplished; and Trenton, Princeton and Mon- 
mouth have not only made the soil of New Jersey sacred to 
her sons, but have rendered perpetually lustrous the military 
genius of the great Leader of the Revolution. 

May this be, pre-eminently, the occasion on which the hal- 
lowed memories associated with the great deeds of our fathers 
shall be strengthened and brightened; and may these memories 
be the means, not only of prompting us, their sons, to esteem 
more highly the priceless civil and religious privileges which 
they secured for us, but also of stimulating us to imitate the 
virtues which have made their names and deeds immortal in 
the enduring records of this great Republic. 




46 



■Miii.^^ 



Ninth Toast. 



"The Armt and Navy op the United States." 

+ 

IResponfieb to it 

Urevet /lDa|or»0eneral Hlejanber Stewart Webb, %%. D., 

(late tlnftcS States HtmB,) 

preslDent of tbe CoUcge of tbc Citg of mew Uoth. 



Mr. Chairman and Brethren : It is probably expected that in 
answer to such a toast it will devolve upon me to speak of the 
record made by both arms of the service, from the time of Paul 
Jones and "Washington to the days of Farragut and Grant ; to 
express, as is usual, our sympathy for those who rendered hard 
service, either on stormy ocean or western desert, and to pledge 
our firm support to these two arms, which are to-day more than 
ever the pride of the whole nation. But the words spoken here 
already, the enthusiasm shown by the representatives of all the 
States of the Union present here to-night, whenever the reunion 
of the States has been alluded to ; the truthful but extraordinary 
recounting of the services of members of the Society of the Cin- 

47 



cinnati in drafting the Constitution of our country and in secur- 
ing its adoption by the legislatures of the several States, have 
all tended to force me to change entirely the historical character 
of the response I was about to make, and to call your attention 
to one view of the services of the army and navy which presents 
itself to me to-night. As we look upon these two arms of the 
service, originally composed of representatives of all the States, 
brought up at two academies under the direction of the United 
States Government, taught to love and respect but one national 
flag — in their very hearts forced to believe that in the service 
they belonged to the whole nation, and not to particular States 
— we see that there was engendered in them a spirit of patriot- 
ism which I believe was never obliterated from their hearts. 

Think of it for one moment — what gave Grant his grand 
spirit of generosity exhibited at Appomattox Court House ? 
What made the officers of the opposing army accept at once the 
inevitable consequences of their defeat ? It was but a return on 
the part of all to the teaching they had received when young. 
Anger had passed away in a great measure ; respect for our 
adversaries had taken the place of bitter hostility, and a desire to 
see once more the whole Union restored was predominant in 
the hearts of the officers who had been in the regular army. 
Seeing their leaders bearing themselves in this attitude toward 
one another, what was the natural effect upon the men of the 
two opposed armies ? It was to produce in the heart of every 
one of them a feeling in favor of reconstruction — to follow in 
peace the example of the very men who had been their leaders 
in war ; and while the world looked on and wondered, through 
the active energy and efforts of these officers of the army and 
navy, who until 1861 had served together as brothers, the whole 
Southern section made strenuous efforts to prove that dis- 
union was an impossibility, and a divided country a blot upon 
the face of the earth. 

Now, in speaking of the army and navy, I ask you hereafter 
to recall that they contain the graduates from the two public 
institutions selected from all parts of the Union ; that each 
and every officer is a patriot through habit and education ; that 
the more intelligent and better informed from both sections of 

48 



the country are the most eager to prove that the old flag never 
was other than dear to the hearts of all ; that it will ever be 
floating over a united country ; 'and that as agents for the pre- 
servation of the Union^and'Liberty, no two bodies of men stand 
more prominently before the hearts of our people, or are more 
capable of loyalty to the people, to the government, and to the 
flag of the country. 




4» 



Tenth Toast. 



"The Tammajtt Soceett.' 



TReaponirt to it /iDr. CbHtles Bcatt^ Hlejan&er. 



3Ir. Chairman and Brethren : The unavoidable and unin- 
tended absence this evening of one of our members, General 
John Cochrane, a Sachem of Tammany, is, undoubtedly, the 
reason why you have placed on me the duty of responding to 
this toast. 

In 1793, when this toast was announced at the annual Fourth 
of July banquet of the New York Society of the Cincinnati,' it 
was much easier adequately to reply to it than now, because the 
Tammany Society had not then taken on, in the estimation of 
the community, that political character which she has since 
sustained. 

Although a number of members of the Society of the Cincin- 
nati were among the founders and promoters, in 1789, of the 
Tammany Society, the popular impression has generally been 
that it was founded in opposition to our Order and to repress its 
supposed aristocratic tendencies. 

The Society of the Cincinnati had been constituted from 
among the commissioned oflBcers — the gentlemen — of the Con- 



1 As early as the '22d February, 1791, ou the occasion of the celebration of Washington's Birthday 
by the New York State Society of the Cincinnati and by the Tammany Society, mutual congratula- 
tions were exchanged between the two organizations. 

.'■.0 



tinental Army of the Revolution, and excluded civilians and 
those who had borne arms against the American cause. 

The Tammany Society was less exclusive, and membership 
was easily acquired by those who were willing to promote its 
objects. 

Under the astute management of Colonel Aaron Burr, one of 
the original members of the Cincinnati, the Tanunany Society 
was gradually moulded into a political organization of great 
effective force in political conflicts. 

The personal and political rivalries between General Alex- 
ander Hamilton, of the New York Society of the Cincinnati, 
representative of the Federal party, to which Washington, 
Adams, and the great majority of the Continental officers 
belonged, and Colonel Burr, the acknowledged leader in New 
York of the Republican, or Democratic, party of those days — a 
rivalry only terminated on the green sward of Weehawken — 
probably has occasioned the idea to which I have referred, that 
one of the objects of the founding of the Tammany Society was 
to oppose our own Order. 

The diligent student of history, however, knows that, after 
the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, the politi- 
cal work of the Cincinnati was accomplished before the Tammany 
Society was founded. 

Political discussions have no place in our meetings, therefore 
I shall not sketch the career of the Tammany Society to the 
present day, because its history is one of politics and of political 
combinations. 

The Tammany Society has had a varied and checkered career ; 
but I think this can be said of it, however, that at no time in its 
history has it ever been without a body of patriotic, earnest and 
honest men, and to-day it stands, for the time being, as the chief 
and controlling political power in the city of New York. 

I thank you most cordially, on behalf of the Tammany Society, 
for proposing this time-honored and historic toast, and express 
to you its cordial welcome to the city of New York. 



51 




Eleventh Toast. 



"The President General and tece Members op the Cincinnati through- 
out THE World." 



tResponbeb to b's 

Ubc Ibon. Millfam Bennfng Mebb, 
ptestCtent of tbe CommlBsfonere of tbe Sistrict of Columbia. 



Mr. Chairman : I feel highly honored by being assigned the 
duty of responding to the sentiment just announced, but at the 
same time I must apologize for my inability to do it justice, and 
my entire want of preparation to say anything fitting a theme 
of so grave importance. What I say will be the utterance of my 
heartfelt admiration for the gentleman who has so long and so 
acceptably filled the office of President General of our Society, 
and my sincerity must make amends for whatever of feebleness 
may be exhibited in what I attempt to say. One of the first 
duties I was called on to perform as a member of the Maryland 
State Society of the Cincinnati was that of delegate to the Tri- 
ennial Convention that met at Princeton in the summer of 1884. 
At that meeting our venerable President presided, and his dig- 
nity, gentleness, and unfailing fairness won the admiration of 
all who attended that memorable convention. It was my privi- 

62 



lege at that meeting to cast my vote for the re-election of the 
Hon. Hamilton Fish to the high office, the duties of which he 
had theretofore performed with such distinguished ability. 
None of us who were present on that occasion can forget the 
fitting, sad and tender speech with which this noble gentleman 
accepted the honor conferred upon him. In language so pathetic, 
that every man of us felt tears of sympathy welling to our eyes, 
he spoke of his advancing years, warning him as they did 
that he might not Uve out the term for which he was elected. 
He thanked us for the honor we did him as the greatest ever 
conferred upon him, because it placed him in the seat held by 
Washington, Hamilton, Pinckney, Morgan Lewis, and others 
equally distinguished, and with something of a protest against 
his continuance in the office, when so many younger men might 
have been chosen, he accepted. 

Again, in 1887, I was honored by being selected as a delegate 
to represent the Maryland Society, and it was my good fortune 
to attend the convention that met at Newport that year. Here 
the sad announcement was made that the infirmities of accumu- 
lating years made the presence of our President General impos- 
sible, and with the announcement that he could no longer be a 
candidate for the presidency, the venerable gentleman urged us 
to give our ballots for some other and younger man. There 
was but one sentiment, however, among the delegates to that 
convention, and again I had the honor and the gratification of 
casting my ballot for that noble man who now fills the place of 
President General of our Society. His absence from our ban- 
quet to-night warns us that his infirmities have not lessened, 
that while with us in spirit his actions are hampered by the 
weakness of age. The State of Maryland has again honored 
me with her choice, and, if nothing prevents, I hope to attend 
the coming triennial convention of this Society at Baltimore in 
1890. It is the sincerest wish of my heart that again I may be 
enabled to cast my ballot for the election of our most honorable 
and distinguished President General, and that he will feel him- 
self able not only to accept, but to hold and fulfil the duties of 
that high office for many years to come. The office is a lofty 
one, and with it comes great dignity and honor. Aside from its 



associations, aside from the fact that such men as Washington, 
Hamilton, Pinckney and Lewis have filled it, it is the highest 
place in an association constituted to keep alive in our country 
those exalted feelings of patriotism and that devotion to the 
principles that underlie our institutions, so characteristic of the 
great men who gained our liberties and framed our Constitution. 
Our President General has held high positions in the councils of 
our country, he has been the representative of a great State in 
our country's Senate and has sat at its cabinet councils, he has 
won distinction for himself and has done faithful service to the 
country, but nowhere has he won more honor, nowhere has he 
more fully emphasized his devotion to his country and the prin- 
ciples of its government than in the position he now holds as the 
President General of the Society of the Cincinnati. In every- 
thing that he has done he has manifested his devotion to the 
cause of true liberty and the principles embraced within the 
inslitute of that Society, and I know I but echo the feelings of 
all who hear me to-night when I wish for this venerable man a 
long continuance of his noble and honorable career. 

Mr. Chairman, ours is no ordinary association united in 
the cause of simple benevolence or charity. We date back 
to the earliest days of our history as a people, and we stand 
pledged in no common way to keep the faith left us by our 
ancestors. Those glorious heroes, after a bloody conflict of 
eight years, fresh from vicissitudes, trials, dangers, cares and 
sorrows that tested their valor and proved their patriotism, 
having won the freedom of the colonies— united themselves 
in the association to " perpetuate as weU the remembrance of 
that vast event, as the mutual friendships which were formed 
under the pressure of common dangers and in many instances 
cemented by the blood of the parties. " This is the great duty 
set us to do. We are bound by the same faith that controlled 
our ancestors, we are to keep alive not only the love of our 
country and its institutions inherited from our fathers, but by 
the very heritable character of our membership we are to 
perpetuate the friendships engendered among them by the 
dangers through which they braved their way to ultimate vic- 
tory. Wherever we are, in whatever land, under whatever 

54 



circumstances placed, we meet as members of this Society, a& 
friends bound by an inherited bond, that should strengthen as 
the years roll by. Time can never efface, nay, it can never 
dim the memory of the glorious deeds of those sires of whom 
we are so justly proud ; it should never weaken if we are 
true men, that friendship for their comrades bequeathed to 
us so solemnly in the Preamble of our Institute. I feel proud 
to-night as I look around me at the representatives of the 
Revolutionary heroes now met to do honor to this grand centen- 
nial of our country. We rejoice together as no people ever 
rejoiced before over the fruits of our past, and while we shed 
a tear over the sad events that marked the early dawn of our 
liberties, we glory in the glad splendor of our country's noon- 
day. Let us again and again as we meet together renew this 
pledge of perpetual friendship, and let it be the proudest 
record we can leave behind us to those who are to inherit our 
membership that we have ever and always preserved unbroken 
the pledge of friendliness to our fellow members. And now, 
as we pledge ourselves in this sentiment to which I have 
attempted to respond, let us remember in all kindness and 
with a friendship that knows no selfish taint, the members of 
the Society of the Cincinnati, wherever they may be. 




65 




Twelfth Toast. 



"The Origihai, Societt op the Cincinnati — the foelorn hope in estab- 
lishing THE independence OP THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 

"By THEIR EXAMPLE MAY THEIR SUCCESSORS LABOR TO PRESERVE AND PER- 
PETUATE THE LIBERTIES THAT THEIR PATRIOTISM ACQUIRED." 



•KcBponBcs to b« ^ajor C5rant XKIle(5man. 



Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Society of the Cincin- 
nati: The toast to which I have been called upon to respond 
is most worthy of being remembered. First proposed by Gen- 
eral Burbeck, an original member of the Society, at a meeting 
of the Massachusetts Society on the 4th of July, 1848, it must 
be peculiarly gratifying to his worthy son and successor, who 
is with us this evening, to hear it recalled on this occasion, 
and its sentiment will meet with a hearty response from every 
member of the Cincinnati. 

As citizens of the United States of to-day, it is, perhaps, 
difficult for us to fully understand and appreciate the situation 
of the original members of this Society of the Cincinnati at 
the time, and the circumstances under which the Society was 
instituted. We are all familiar with the history of the events 

56 



which preceded and led to its estabhshment, and it is unnec- 
essary, therefore, to recount them now. Societies have been 
instituted and orders estabUshed to commemorate the power 
of kings and princes, and the deeds done in wars undertaken 
for conquest and Uke motives ; but the Society of the Cincin- 
nati was instituted for a nobler and better purpose. 

Those who founded our Society had just passed through a 
long and bloody war, and during its progress had suffered 
hardships and privations untold, not for the sake of glory or 
personal advantage, but in the cause of civil and reUgious lib- 
erty, in defence of the rights of the people — the liberty of the 
citizen. They entered upon the contest with no thought of 
conquest. Pledging their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred 
honors, they joined together in the great struggle which estab- 
lished the independence of the United States of America from 
love of their country and devotion to liberty. Their work was 
ended ; the independence of their country had been secured ; 
the result which moved them to enter upon that long and 
bloody struggle which had just ended had been attained. 
They were ready to return to the avocations of civil life; to 
lay down their arms and resume their places among the 
citizens of the Republic they had founded. 

At this time and under these circumstances the Society of 
the Cincinnati was instituted, in order that the principles for 
which its original members had battled might be ever fresh 
in memory, and that patriotism and love of liberty might 
always be honored among the citizens of the Eepubhc. It is 
the proud boast of this Society that it was established, not to 
celebrate deeds in wars for glory or conquest, not to do honor 
to kings or princes, but to commemorate the triumph of civil 
and religious liberty, of freedom and independence, of the 
rights of man. 

When we recall the condition of the thirteen colonies after 
the struggle for independence had so gloriously closed, and 
contemplate the greatness and power of the United States of 
to-day, may we not feel proud that we have descended from 
those noble patriots who were the original members of the 
Society of the Cincinnati ? May the memory of their heroic 

67 



deeds ever be fresh in our minds ; may their example ever 
serve to nerve us to emulate them in their patriotic devotion 
to Uberty and the rights of the people. They established the 
Independence of the United States of America ; may we always 
remember that it is our duty to " preserve and perpetuate the 
liberties that their patriotism acquired." 




68 




Thirteenth Toast. 



■"Perpetual peace and happiness to the United States of America. 



■Responteb to b^ Hbt. Davtb Greene Ibasftlns, Jr. 

Mr. Chairman and Brothers of the Cincinnati : "We are all 
looking backward this evening, and thinking with pride and 
gratitude of the wonderful growth and success of our beloved 
country in its first century of Federal union. I wonder if any 
one of us has tried to put himself in the place of Washington, 
and, standing in imagination where he stood at the close of the 
Revolution, to look, as he must have done, into the then un- 
known future. 

Of course, we all know something of the weak, helpless, and 
disorganized condition of our infant republic before the adoption 
of the Constitution ; but I think it is very diflScult for us to-day 
to reahze, to its fuU extent, the alarming and discouraging situ- 
ation at that time. 

A few impoverished States on the Atlantic coast, hemmed in 
by the vast territories of England, France and Spain; bound 
loosely together by a confederation that was every day losing its 
hold; a Congress powerless to compel the obedience of the States, 
and almost without influence to persuade them ; a treasury so 

59 



low that the necessary expenses of the government could only 
be met by drawing on our foreign ministers ; a government too 
feeble to protect its citizens, even from the pirates of the Bar- 
bary States, and too poor to buy immunity from their ravages ; 
unable to check the alarming disagreements between certain 
States that threatened resort to physical force ; helpless at home 
and without influence abroad— this was the gloomy picture that 
Washington saw. 

And, standing on the threshold of our national life, he may 
well have asked himself whether the Revolution had not, after 
all, been a failure ; and the hope with which he gazed into the 
future must have been mingled with grave doubt and appre- 
hension. 

It is pleasant to think how his noble soul would thrill with 
gratitude and joy if he could stand, to-night, in this gathering 
of his beloved Society, and view with us the wonders of the 
present, far beyond his most sanguine dreams. 

And now, to-night, we, on our part, may well cast our eyes 
forward, and try to forecast the future, and to peer into the 
obscurity that envelops the second century. And I believe we 
may do so with firm hope, trusting to the continued protection 
and guidance of that Divine Providence which has so signally 
blessed us in the past. Of course, our age has its own peculiar 
faults and dangers : there is much in public and in private life 
to censure, and we sometimes look back with longing to the 
"good old times." But, after all, I beUeve we idealize the past, 
and there reaUy never were any good old times. The world is 
growing better, manners and morals are improving, the old 
patriotic flame burns as brightly as ever, and the heroes of 
Bunker Hill and Valley Forge were not a whit superior in cour- 
age or devotion to the men of the civil war. We have abuses 
enough to overthrow, reforms to accomplish, dangers and evil 
tendencies to contend against ; but, in spite of them all, the 
second century opens far more hopefully than did the first, and 
the imagination is baffled and bewildered in trying to picture its 
possible magnificent developments. 

And we may also hope for a long and prosperous life for our 
honored Society. That, too, has had its day of discouragement, 

60 



when, in some few quarters, interest flagged and State Societies 
were dissolved or died out, from the dispersion of their members 
to remote localities. But to-day the Society is cherished and 
honored, and is steadily growing in strength ; only we must be 
careful to guard the "Institution" as its founders created it, keep- 
ing asjnear, as the changed conditions will admit, to the spirit 
and purpose that animated them ; and we must, above all else 
and under all circumstances, cherish that spirit of brotherly 
love, the perpetuity of which was the main object of the Society, 
and without which we cannot desire it to endure. 

And so, inspired by the memories that this season brings, 
may we, Cincinnati, set our faces to the future, and, as we 
repeat the pious wish of the immortal Washington, may we, 
each in his sphere, however humble, labor as we can to 
promote the "peace and happiness of the United States of 
America." 




61. 



The 



Commemorative Services 



of 



The Cincinnati, 

in 

Saint Paul's Chapel, 

April 28, 1889. 



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The Commemorative Services. 




'■'ri'SStSi; 



HE Commemorative Services of the Cincinnati 
were held in Saint Paul's Chapel,' on Broadway, 
in the city of New York, on April 28, 1889, the 
use of the chapel for this purpose having been 
granted by the Reverend Morgan Dix, D.D., 
D.C.L., Rector, and the Wardens and Vestry of 
Trinity Parish. 

The Form of Service used was specially authorized for the 
occasion by the Diocesan, the Right Reverend Henry Codman 
Potter, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of New York, and was substantially 
that used by the Right Reverend Samuel Provoost, D.D., Bishop 
of New York, in Saint Paul's Chapel, for the service attended by 
President General Washington, on his inauguration as President 
of the United States, April 30, 1789. 



1 The Cincinnati frequently held commemorative services in Saint Paul's Chapel in the last century,, 
notably on July 4, 1788, when the New York Society proceeded thither under escort of a brigade of 
militia to hear their annual oration by the Honorable William Duer. 

In the following year, 4th July, 1789, under escort of a regiment of State artillery, the New York 
Society again went to Saint Paul's Chapel, where were assembled, by their invitation, the Vice-Presi- 
dent and Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, to hear Brevet Colonel 
Alexander Hamilton's masterly oration on the life and services of Major-General Nathanael Greene. 
President General Washington could not be present, on account of sickness, but his family were 
there. However, on the 5th July, 1790, when the New York Society of Cincinnati proceeded to Saint 
Paul's Chapel, under escort of the same regiment of State artillery, to listen to their annual oration 
by Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Brockholst Livingston, one of their own members, President (General 
Washington also attended, and Vice-President John Adams and the Senate and House of Represent- 
atives of the United States, and many strangers of distinction, were present by invitation. 

These are a few instances among a number which give Saint Paul's Chapel a pecuhar place in the 
regard of the Order of the Cincinnati. 

A number of the original members are buried in its churchyard, and, altogether, its connection 
with the Cincinnati has been such as ahnost to make it the chapel of the Order. 

6.-; 



The chapel was appropriately and beautifully decorated for 
the occasion, under the superintendence of Colonel Richard T. 
Auchmuty, of the Vestry. On either side of the chancel were 
placed a stand of National colors, whose folds, on their pikes, 
reached to the floor. 

They framed an eflfective display of flowers, which banked 
the altar and extended as high as the chancel window. 

In the centre were two clusters of American Beauty roses in 
full bloom. Rising from them, on either side, were masses of 
white flowers, consisting of hydi-angeas, roses, tuft, lilies-of-the- 
valley and hyacinths. 

Then came ferns, tall standing plants and palms, which filled 
the space to the flags at the sides. 

A National flag was draped at the top of each column sup- 
porting the gallery, the drapery being held in place, in each 
instance, by a small gilt eagle. 

From the centre of the Choir gallery, two silken colors — the 
American flag of the Revolution, with thirteen stars on the blue 
field, and the Royal Standard of France in 1773-1783 (the white 
flag with the fleur-de-lis) — were displayed, their crossed pikes 
being held in place by a gilt eagle. 

Each of the windows was decorated with palms and flowers, 
and each chandelier was trimmed with smilax and flowers. 

Entrance to the chapel was by the west doors, facing Church 
street. 

Over this entrance hung two National flags, the staffs of 
which were attached to the spire at the places where they were 
attached on Inauguration Day a hundred years before. 

The porch at this entrance was shielded by striped canvas 
walls, within which were set palms and climbing vines, forming 
a framework of bright green. 

The choir consisted of a double quartet and a well-drilled 
chorus. 

By invitation of the Executive Committee, a large delegation 
of the Society of the " Sons of the Revolution," with their Presi- 
dent, the Honorable Frederick Samuel Tallmadge, and a large 
66 



representation of the "New York Commandery of the MiKtary 
Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States," including many 
distinguished oflBcers of the regular army and late United States 
Volunteer Service, attended, and were given reserved seats. 

The front pews in the middle aisle were reserved for the 
Cincinnati. 

The gentlemen who acted as ushers in seating the large and 
highly appreciative congregation, which filled the chapel to its 
utmost capacity, were Messrs. George Norman Gardiner, Latham 
G. Reed, George Gardiner Fry, Henry Russell Drowne, Henry 
Marion Ward, Clermont L. Clarkson, D. Augustus Clarkson, and 
Nathanael Greene, Jr., each of whom were descendants of Con- 
tinental officers of the Revolution. 

The Cincinnati assembled in the Parish House on Church 
street, corner of Vesey street, wearing the eagles of their order, 
and, at 10.30 o'clock, a.m., formed two by two, and, preceded' by 
the Secretary General, Presidents of State Societies and Assistant 
Treasurer General, in order of precedence, marched in a body 
through the churchyard to their seats in the chapel. 

The choir then sang hymn 309, " God Bless our Native Land," 
as a processional, during which the officiating clergy appeared at 
the main entrance and proceeded to their places in the chancel. 

The services were conducted by the Right Reverend William 
Stevens Perry, D.D. (Oxon.), LL.D., D.C.L., Bishop of Iowa (who 
preached the sermon), and by the Reverend Charles Cotesworth 
Pinckney, D. D. , Chaplains General of the Order of the Cincin- 
nati, assisted by the Reverend James Mulchahey, D.D., minister 
in charge of Saint Paul's Chapel, and his assistants, the Reverend 
William Augustus Holbrook and the Reverend William Mon- 
tague Geer. 

Reverend Doctor Pinckney acted as Gospeler ; the Reverend 
Doctor Mulchahey, as Epistler ; and Mr. Holbrook, lesson. 

The Te Deum Laudamus was R. P. Stewart's, in E flat, for 
double chorus. 



1 The President General was unable, for reasons before stated, to attend. 

The Vice-President General was abroad as Envoy Extraordinary and 31inister Plenipotentiary of 
the United States at Paris. 

67 



At the Introit, the choir sang the three closing numbers of 
Handel's oratorio of " Belshazzar : " "Tell it Out among the 
Nations ; " " Yes, I wiU Build Thy City ; " " I wiU Magnify Thee, 
O God, my King." 

For the offertory. Sir John Stainer's duet, for soprano and 
tenor, "Love Divine, all Love Excelling," was sung. 




Form of Service. 



The following was the form of service used on this occasion : 

IT The Minister shall begin the Service by reading the following Sentences of Scripture : 

T^HE Lord has been mindful of us, and He shall bless us ; He shall bless 
them that fear the Lord, both small and great. — Ps. cxv. : 12, 13. 

O that men would therefore praise the Lord for his goodness, and declare 
the wonders that he doeth for the children of men. — Ps. cvii. : 21. 

Minister. Let us pray. 

IT Tien shall the Minister and people say, all kneeling : 

(~\UR Father, Who art in Heaven, Hallowed be Thy Name ; Thy Kingdom 
come ; Thy will be done on Earth, As it is in Heaven ; Give us this day 
our daily bread ; And forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive those who 
trespass against us ; And lead us not into temptation ; But deliver us from 
evil ; For Thine is the Kingdom, And the Power, And the Glory, Forever 
and ever. Amen. 

IT Tien likewise he shall say : 

O Lord, open Thou our lips. 

Answer. And our mouth shall show forth Thy praise. 
Mi'n. O God, make speed to save us. 
Ans. O Lord, make haste to help us. 
68 



U Here, all standing up, the Minister shall say : 

Glory be to the Father, and to the Son : and to the Holy Ghost ; 
Ans. As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be : world with- 
out end. Amen. 

Mm. Praise ye the Lord. 

Ans. The Lord's Name be praised. 

H Then shall be sung the following Anthem : 

Misericordias Domini. 

IVT Y Song shall be alway of the loving-kindness of the Lord : with my 
Mouth will I ever be showing Thy Truth from one generation to 
another. — Ps. Ixxxix. : i. 

The merciful and gracious Lord hath so done His marvellous Works : 
that they ought to be had in remembrance — Ps. cxi. : 4. 

Who can express the noble Acts of the Lord ; or show forth all His 
praise? — Ps. cxi., 2. 

The Works of the Lord are great ; sought out of all them that have 
pleasure therein. — Pj. cxi. : 2. 

He hath not dealt with us after our sins : nor rewarded us according to 
our wickednesses. 

For look how high the heaven is in comparison of the earth : so great 
is his mercy also toward them that fear him. — Ps. ciii. : 10, 11. 

Glory be to the Father, etc. 

H Then shall be said or sung Psalm cxviii. 

V Then shall be read the Lesson, Deut. viii. 

U Then shall be sung the Te Deura. 

IT Then shall he said the Apostles^ Creed : 

T BELIEVE in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth; And 
in Jesus Christ His only Son our Lord, Who was conceived by the Holy 
Ghost, Born of the Virgin Mary, Suffered under Pontius Pilate, Was cruci- 
fied, dead, and buried, He descended into hell ; The third day He rose 
again from the dead. He ascended into heaven, And sitteth on the right 
hand of God the Father Almighty ; From thence He shall come to judge the 
quick and the dead. 

I believe in the Holy Ghost ; the Holy Catholic Church ; The Com- 
munion of Saints ; the Forgiveness of sins ; The Resurrection of the body. 
And the Life everlasting. Amen. 

69 



II And after that, these Prayers following, all devoutly kneeling; the Minister first pro- ■ 
nouncing : 

The Lord be with you : 

Ans. And with thy spirit. 

Min. Let us pray. 

O Lord, show Thy mercy upon us ; 

Ans. And grant us Thy salvation. 

Min. O Lord, bless and preserve these United States ; 

Ans. And mercifully hear us when we call upon Thee, 

Min. Endue Thy ministers with righteousness ; 

Ans. And make Thy chosen people joyful. 

Min. O God, make clean our hearts within us ; 

Ans. And take not Thy Holy Spirit from us. 

The Collect for the Day. 

A LMIGHTY God, Who hast in all ages showed forth Thy power and 
mercy in the preservation of Thy Church, and in the protection of all 
who put their sure trust in Thee ; Grant that the people of this land, which 
Thou hast so blessed, may show forth their thanks and praise for Thy mer- 
cies, by loving obedience to Thy laws ; Through Jesus Christ our Lord. 

Amen. 

A Collect for Peace. 

Q GOD, Who art the author of peace and lover of concord, in knowledge 
of Whom standeth our eternal life, Whose service is perfect freedom ; 
Defend us. Thy humble servants, in all assaults of our enemies ; that we, 
surely trusting in Thy defense, may not fear the power of any adversaries ; 
Through the might of Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. 

A Collect for Grace. 

Q LORD our Heavenly Father, Almighty and everlasting God, Who hast 
safely brought us to the beginning of this day ; Defend us in the same 
with Thy mighty power ; and grant that this day we fall into no sin, neither 
run into any kind of danger ; but that all our doings may, by Thy govern- 
ance, be righteous in Thy sight ; Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. 

A Prayer for our Civil Rulers. 

(~\ LORD our Heavenly Father, the high and mighty ruler of the Universe, 
Who dost from Thy throne behold all the dwellers upon earth ; Most 
heartily we beseech Thee with Thy favor to behold The President, and all 
in authority, executive, legislative, and judicial, in these United States ; And 
so replenish them with the grace of Thy Holy Spirit, that they may always 
incline to Thy will, and walk in Thy way. Endue them plenteously with 
heavenly gifts ; grant them in health and wealth long to live ; and finally, 
afler this life, to attain everlasting joy and felicity ; Through Jesus Christ our 
Lord. Amen. 
70 



A Special Thanksgiving. 



o 



GOD, Whose Name is excellent in all the earth, and Whose glory is 
above the heavens, and Who didst, as on this day, inspire and direct the 
hearts of our forefathers in laying the strong foundations of peace, liberty, 
and safety for our nation ; we bless and adore Thy glorious Majesty for this 
Thy loving kindness towards us. And we humbly pray that the devout 
sense of Thy signal mercies to our land may renew and increase in us a 
spirit of love and thankfulness to Thee, the Author of all good, and a spirit 
of true devotion to the welfare of our country. May we so improve Thine 
inestimable blessings, that peace and happiness, truth and justice, religion 
and piety may be established among us for all generations. This we beg 
through the merits of Jesus Christ our Saviour. Amen. 

A General Thanksgiving. 

A LMIGHTY God, Father of all mercies, we. Thine unworthy servants, do 
give Thee most humble and hearty thanks for all Thy goodness and 
loving kindness to us, and to all men. We bless Thee for our creation, 
preservation and all the blessings of this life ; but above all, for Thine ines- 
timable love in the redemption of the world by our Lord Jesus Christ ; for 
the means of grace, and for the hope of glory. And, we beseech Thee, 
give us that due sense of all Thy mercies, that our hearts may be unfeign- 
edly thankful, and that we may show forth Thy praise, not only with our 
lips, but in our lives ; by giving up ourselves to Thy service, and by walking 
before Thee in holiness and righteousness all our days, through Jesus Christ 
our Lord, to Whom, with Thee and the Holy Ghost, be all honor and 
glory, world without end. Amen. 

A Prayer of St. Chrysostom. 

A LMIGHTY God, Who hast given us grace at this time to make our com- 
mon supplications unto Thee ; and dost promise that when two or three 
are gathered together in Thy Name, Thou wilt grant their requests ; Fulfill 
now, O Lord, the desires and petitions of Thy servants, as may be most ex- 
pedient for them ; granting us in this world knowledge of Thy truth, and in 
the world to come life everlasting. Amen. 

2 Cor. xiii. : 14. 

'T'HE grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellow- 
ship of the Holy Ghost, be with us all evermore. Amen. 



71 



The Sermon. 



The following is the sermon delivered during this service 
by the Right Reverend William Stevens Perry, D. D. 
(Oxon.), LL. D., D. C. L., Bishop of Iowa, and a Chaplain 
General of the Order of the Cincinnati. 



" My strength will I ascribe unto Thee ; for Thou art the Ood of my refuge.^'' 

— Ps. lix.: 9 (Prayer-Book Version). 

From the Psalms of David, — the Uturgy of the Holy 
Ghost, — the praise-service of the people, and the language of 
individual thanksgiving, for the Church of old, and the Church 
of to-day, as well, we take the text with which we would con- 
secrate our theme : " My strength wiU I ascribe unto Thee ; for 
Thou art the God of my refuge." The Christian recognizes the 
hand of God guiding, controlling, supporting him in all his 
ways. The Christian patriot ascribes his country's strength, its 
support in adversity, its deliverance from troubles, its triumph 
over its foes, unto the God of nations. Who is the refuge of 
those who trust in Him. 

Strikingly was this the feeling of our fathers at the period 
of our history we recall to-day. The appeal to arms, out of 
which our independence was won, our nationality secured, was 
an appeal to Heaven for the defense and triumph of the right. 
Those who directed our councils, those who fought our battles 
in the war for independence, reverently ascribed their strength 
unto God, and looked to Him as their refuge. The deep religious 
enthusiasm of the Puritans of New England and the Church- 
men of the Middle and Southern States cannot be overlooked 
or ignored in any recital of the story of our struggle for 
freedom. The patriot priest of the Valley of the Shenandoah, 
who, at the close of a fervid appeal to his people to resist op- 

72 



pression even unto blood, threw off his surplice and stood forth 
before his parishioners in the garb of a soldier, ready to lead 
them to the field, was but a single example of a wide-spread 
feeling animating clergy and people alike in entering upon a 
strife in which God alone could give to them, in their weakness, 
the victory. Prayer consecrated every step of our forefathers 
in their efforts for freedom. The pulpit uttered no uncertain 
sound in its emphatic teaching that resistance to tyrants was 
obedience to God. The priest went with his people to the field 
of battle, and priest and people reverently ascribed their 
strength to the God of their refuge. 

The words and example of these patriot priests and preachers 
produced a profound impression on the minds of those who 
listened to the one, or felt the force of the other. Arousing, 
as they did, a quiet but sustained determination, giving to the 
strife the consecration of a holy war, there was needed only 
a new Joshua to lead forth the Israel of God out of bondage, 
into the glorious liberty of freemen in the sight of God and 
men. This leader, chosen of God for this very purpose, and 
mysteriously trained for the work assigned him of Heaven to 
do, was given. Those who, in their conscious weakness, as- 
cribed their strength unto God and recognized Him as their 
refuge, were not disappointed in their deep religious reliance. 
One was raised up to be a leader of the people, and the trust in 
God which inspired them was the animating principle of his 
life — the crowning glory of his career. 

It was a Heaven-decreed requirement of the Hebrew law 
that the husbandman, when gathering the harvestings of his 
field, should leave here and there sheaves of the rich, ripe 
grain for those who should follow in his path — those less favored 
by Providence, less supplied with Nature's gifts. It is as a 
gleaner that I venture to-day to follow in the track of so many 
older, wiser, and more eloquent panegyrists of our Washing- 
ton's character, and to bind a few golden grains dropped from 
their richer handfuls, and lay them as a votive tribute on the 
altar sacred to his memory. Though conscious of my inability 
to do justice to the occasion or the theme now thriUing all 
patriotic souls with memories of the past and good auguries 

73 



for the future of our loved native land, I cannot but feel 
the appropriateness and the beauty of this gathering and this 
commemoration to-day. Fitting is it, for it becomes us to re- 
member the Founder of our Order, the Father of his Country. 
We are sons of the sires, — we fill the places, bear the names, 
wear the coveted distinction of those who gathered as more 
than friends about the hero of our war for independence, who 
were his companions in danger, and who were his loyal sup- 
porters in the peace following successful war. Rightly does 
it fall to us, members of the Order of the Cincinnati, to give to 
this great national celebration its key-note, anticipating all 
the land in the grateful recognition of the God-given example 
of him who was first in war, first in peace, and who shall ever 
be first in the hearts of his countrymen. 

Fitting indeed it is that at the expiration of a hundred years, 
we should pause on the threshold of a new period of national 
existence to inquire whence came our fathers' strength, and 
to thank the God Who was their refuge, and Who blessed them 
with unlooked-for success. 

There is a beauty in this act of ours. We turn aside from 
our accustomed acts of prayer and praise, to renew, in this con- 
secrated spot where our honorable Order was wont of old to 
meet for solemn services of praise and prayer, our allegiance 
to principles for which our fathers shed their blood, and to offer 
thanksgivings to our God, through Whom the principles of 
our Order have been maintained and established for a hundred 
years. In our grateful recognition of the greatness of our 
Washington, we gladly recall the fact that it was his trust in 
God that made him what he was — " of all great men, the most 
virtuous and the most fortunate."' Not merely as a soldier^ 
not alone as a patriot, not simply because a hero, but as a 
Christian, fearing God and keeping His Commandments, we 
accord to " this imperial man," — " this unblemished gentle- 
man," our grateful remembrance to-day. 

At such a time as this, and on this sacred day, we may well 
consider the evidence afforded in the life and deeds and words 
of Washington to his personal trust in God ; his walking in 

1 Guizot. 

74 



^God's ways, and his keeping of God's commandments, Born 
at a time, when, in his home and family, the greatest reverence 
was shown to the forms and usages of rehgion, the record of his 
baptism is still extant, and there is no reason to doubt that he, 
who, at the font in the old Pope's Creek Church was made "a 
member of Christ, the Child of God, and an inheritor of the 
Kingdom of Heaven," was, by the pious care and teachings of 
parents and god-parents, instructed not alone in "the Creed, 
the Lord's Prayer, and the Ten Commandments," but in those 
"other parts of the Church's Catechism" which a child "ought 
to know and believe to his soul's health." It was at a time 
when the training and disciplining of the home took the place 
of the public school or the academy of a later day, and so, 
up to his twelfth year, the young Washington had the loving 
care and oversight of his parents. On the death of his excel- 
lent father, this care devolved upon his mother and his 
uncle ; and, in addition to this home training and the instruc- 
tion received in the old field school, kept by the sexton of 
the parish church, it is probable that he attended the minis- 
trations of the Rev. Archibald Campbell, the uncle of the 
poet, and was, possibly, a pupil at his school in Washington 
Parish, Westmoreland County. While with his mother at 
Fredericksburg, there can be no question of his attendance 
upon the services of her faithful parish priest, the Rev. James 
Mayre, whose Huguenot blood and personal consecration made 
him one of the most devoted of the clergy of the day. While 
at school the young Virginian was noticeable for his abhor- 
rence of the practice of fighting among the boys, and was 
wont, by personal influence, or by more direct interference, 
to prevent indulgence in this brutal pastime. At the age of 
thirteen, he drew up from works he had read, a number of 
resolutions for the conduct of his life. We find among these 
aphorisms the following : " When you speak of God or His 
attributes, let it be seriously in reverence;" "Labor to keep 
alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire called 
conscience;" "Honor and obey your parents, whatever may 
be their condition." Two years later his filial piety was 
shown in his relinquishment, at his mother's desire, of his 

75 



purpose of entering the British navy, in strict fulfilhnent of 
this latter resolution, based on "the Commandment with 
promise. " 

Besides the Bible, with which he was singularly famihar, 
and the Bible's best interpreter, the Book of Common Prayer, 
Washington had listened at his mother's knee, if we may 
credit tradition, to the reading of such suggestive works as 
" Discourses on the Common Prayer," and Sir Matthew Hale's 
"Contemplations, Moral and Divine." The latter work, well 
styled by Washington Irving "a precious volume," is still 
preserved at Mount Vernon, and the same authority assures 
us that "its admirable maxims sank deep in the mind of 
Washington, and were exemplified in his conduct through 
life." 

The youth thus trained proved worthy of his teachers and 
true to the lessons of religion and morality they taught. We 
are not surprised to find him, in his early manhood, when 
at the head of an expedition against the French and savages, 
counselled by his "paternal adviser," Mr. Wilham Fairfax of 
Belvoir, in these words: "I will not doubt your having public 
prayer in the camp, especially when the Indian families are 
your guests, that they, seeing your plain manner of worship, 
may have their curiosity to be informed why we do not use 
the ceremonies of the French ; which, being well explained to 
their understandings, will more and more dispose them to 
receive our Baptism and unite in strict bonds of cordial friend- 
ship." This was in the camp at Fort Necessity, at the Great 
Meadows, in the Alleghany Mountains, and it was certainly, 
as Irving well describes it, ' ' not one of the least striking 
pictures presented in this wild campaign — the youthful com- 
mander, presiding with cahn seriousness over a motley assem- 
blage of half-equipped soldiery, leathern-clad hunters and 
woodsmen, and painted savages with their wives and children, 
and uniting them all in solemn devotion by his own example 
and demeanor." ' 

For several consecutive years, Washington was engaged in 
this border warfare, and during this period, according to the 



1 Vol. I., page 129. 
76 



testimony of one of his aids, he was accustomed to read 
prayers on Sunday to his troops, thus supplying the place of 
a chaplain. On the recall of Governor Dinwiddle, "Washington 
addressed the President of the Council in these words: "The 
Assembly, in their Supply Bill, provided for a chaplain to our 
regiment. On this subject I had often, without any success, 
applied to Governor Dinwiddle. I now flatter myself that 
your honor will be pleased to appoint a sober, serious man 
for this duty. Common decency, sir, in a camp, calls for the 
services of a divine, which ought not to be dispensed with 
although the world may think us void of religion and incap- 
able of good instruction." We are all famihar with the fact 
of his reading by the light of a torch at night the OflBce for 
the Burial of the Dead, over the body of General Braddock, 
after the disastrous defeat at Monongahela; and we cannot 
for a moment doubt the personal trust in God of the man 
who in writing famiharly of this battle to his brother could 
say: "By the all-powerful dispensations of Providence, I have 
been protected beyond all probability or expectation; for I had 
four bullets through my coat and two horses shot under me, 
and yet escaped unhurt." 

In 1759 "Washington married, and, in the same year, took his 
seat in the House of Burgesses. He became, at the outset of his 
domestic life, interested in the promotion of the interests of the 
Church ; and the old vestry-book of Truro parish affords abun- 
dant proof of his personal share in the erection of those historic 
shrines known as Payne's and Pohick Churches. "We find the 
young vestryman and churchwarden occupied in sending a 
friend and neighbor to England for holy orders, in procuring a 
glebe, and in fitting up a home for the newly -chosen pastor and 
priest. It is in keeping with his interest in the work of his 
parish that we learn of his gifts for the adornment of the 
church, the site of which he himself had chosen; and of his 
importation from England of pulpit cushions and altar cloths 
of crimson velvet with gold fringe, and folio Prayer Books, 
bound sumptuously in morocco, and lettered in gilt with the 
parish name. 

"While thus occupied in promoting the temporal interests of 

77 



the Church, it is the testimony of his rector, the Rev. Lee 
Massey, that he was equally attentive to his spiritual duties. 
"I never knew," writes the Rev. Mr. Massey, "so constant an 
attendant on church as Washington. His behavior in the house 
of God was ever so reverential that it produced the happiest 
effect on my congregation, and greatly assisted me in my 
pulpit labors. No company ever kept him from church." 
Abundant testimony is given that he was a frequent and devout 
recipient of the holy communion of the body and blood of 
Christ. 

In 1774 the House of Burgesses appointed a day of fasting 
and prayer, in view of the state of the country, and the private 
diary of Washington contained this entry: "June 1, Wednes- 
day. Went to church and fasted all day." In September of 
this eventful year, Washington was in Philadelphia in attend- 
ance upon the Continental Congress, to which he was a dele- 
gate. His diary records his regular attendance at church ; and 
tradition tells us that at the calling in of the celebrated Rev. 
Jacob Duche, the rector of Christ Church and St. Peter's, to 
read prayers before this Congress, at perhaps the most critical 
moment of its deliberations, Washington alone of the delegates 
knelt when the Church's familiar words of supplication were 
used. 

On the very day after taking command of the Continental 
Army, in 1775, the following order was issued : " The General 
requires and expects of all officers and soldiers not engaged in 
actual duty, a punctual attendance on Divine service, to im- 
plore the blessings of Heaven upon the means used for our 
safety and defence." On the 15th of May, 1776, Congress hav- 
ing appointed a day of humiliation and prayer, the following 
order was given : " The General commands all officers and 
soldiers to pay strict obedience to the order of the Continental 
Congress, that by their unfeigned and pious observance of their 
religious duties they may incline the Lord and Giver of victory 
to prosper our arms." He forbade gambling, drunkenness, and 
profanity — "wicked practices hitherto but little known in the 
American Army," adding, "We can have but little hope of the 
blessing of God if we insult Him by our blasphemies, vices so 

78 



low and without tempj;ation that every man of sense and char- 
acter detests them. 

In anticipation of a n impending battle, he thus addresses his 
soldiers : " The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under 
God, on the courage and conduct of the army. Let us rely upon 
the goodness of the cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in 
Whose hand victory is, to animate and encourage us to noble 
actions." 

In a letter to Benjamin Harrison, a fellow Virginian and 
Churchman, in 1778, he says : " Providence has heretofore taken 
care of us when all other means seemed to be departing from 
us." 

We find him referring his successes to "that Divine Provi- 
dence which has manifestly appeared in our behalf during our 
whole struggle;" while in alluding to his reverses he adds : 
" All would have been lost but for that bountiful Providence 
which has never failed us in the hour of distress." Again he 
writes: " The hand of Providence has been so conspicuous that 
he must be worse than an infidel that lacks faith, and more 
than wicked that has not gratitude enough to acknowledge his 
obligations." 

On the proclamation of peace, in the year 1783, memorable 
as the year of the inauguration of our illustrious Order, the 
General called upon the Chaplains of the forces "to render 
thanks to God for His overruling the wrath of man to His 
own glory, and causing the rage of war to cease." A few 
months later he concluded a letter to the Governors of the 
States with the "earnest prayer that God may have you and 
the States over which you preside in His holy protection; that 
He would incline the citizens to obedience to government, to 
entertain a brotherly love for one another, for their fellow-citi- 
zens of the United States in general, and particularly for those 
who have served in the field; that He would be pleased to dis- 
pose them to do justice, to love mercy, and to demean them- 
selves with that charity, humility, and pacific temper which 
were the characteristics of the Divine Author of our blessed 
religion, without an humble imitation of Whose example in 
these things we can never hope to be a happy nation." 



On the 30th of April, A.D. 1789, in his inaugural address 
to both Houses of Congress, the Father of his Country used 
these words : 

" It would be peculiarly improper to omit, in this first official act, my fervent 
supplication to that Almighty Being, who rules over the universe, who presides 
in the councils of nations, and whose providential aid can supply every human 
defect, that His benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of 
the people of the United States, a government instituted by themselves for these 
essential purposes, and may enable every instrument employed in its administra- 
tion to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge. In tendering 
this homage to the great Author of every public and private good, I assure myself 
that it expresses your sentiments not less than my own ; nor those of my fellow- 
citizens at large, less than either. No people can be bound to acknowledge and 
adore the invisible Hand, which conducts the ailairs of men, more than the people 
of the United States. 

" Every step, by which they had advanced to the character of an independ- 
ent nation, seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency. 
And, in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united 
government, the tranquil deliberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct 
communities, from which the event has resulted, cannot be compared with the 
means by which most governments have been established, without some retm-n of 
pious gratitude, along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which 
the past seems to presage." 

Referring again, at the close of his address, to his sense of 
dependence on Almighty God, he used this language : 

' ' Having thus imparted to you my sentiments, as they have been awakened 
by the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave, but not 
without resorting once more to the benign Parent of the human race, in humble 
supplication that, since He has pleased to favor the American people with oppor- 
tunities for deliberating in perfect tranquility, and dispositions for deciding with 
unparalleled unanimity on a form of government for the security of their Union, 
and the advancement of their happiness ; so His divine blessing may be equally 
conspicuous in the enlarged views, the temperate consultations, and the wise 
measures on which the success of this government must depend." 

And in responding to the answer of the Senate to his speech, 
he further added : 

" Thus, supported by a firm trust in the Great Arbiter of the universe, aided 
by the collected wisdom of the Union, and imploring the divine benediction on 
OUT joint exertions in the service of our country, I readily engage with you on the 
arduous but pleasing task of attempting to make a nation happy." 

Language such as this — like recognition of a superintending 
Providence — occurs again and again in his addresses, the gene- 

80 



ral orders, the private letters, the diaries, the personal memor- 
anda of Washington. They are the expressions of an individual 
trust in God, which, shown in his earliest years and displayed 
throughout his public career, was strikingly aflBrmed in that 
"Farewell Address" which was his invaluable legacy to his 
countrymen. It is among his last councils, written at a time 
when infidelity was rampant, and the Church, of which he was 
a baptized and communing member, was reduced to its lowest 
straits, that we have this expression of "Washington's profound 
conviction of the necessity of religion and the evil tendency of 
unbelief : 

" Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion 
and Morality are indispensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tri- 
bute of patriotism who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happi- 
ness, these firmest projis of the duties of men and citizens. The mere politician, 
equally with the pious man, ought to respect and cherish them. A volume could 
not trace all their connections with private and public felicity. Let it simply be 
asked, where is the security for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of 
religious obligation desert the oaths, which are the instruments of investigation 
in courts of justice? And let us with caution indulge the supposition that moral- 
ity can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the 
influence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experi- 
ence both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of 
religious principles." — Farewell Address. 

To these outspoken attestations of his personal trust in God 
as his strength and refuge, we may add the testimony of those 
who knew him best, the members of his family and household, 
the intimate associates of his public and private life, that he 
was, as his friend and biographer, Chief-Justice Marshall, 
asserts, "a sincere believer in the Christian faith and a truly 
devout man." His reverence for the Lord's day, his habitual 
reading of the Word of God, his daily private meditation and 
prayer, his unostentatious but abundant charities, his regular 
attendance at church, and his reception from time to time of the 
holy communion of the body and blood of Christ afford addi- 
tional proof, if further proof were wanting, of his possession, 
to use his own phrase, "of genuine vital religion." 

Is it to be wondered, then, that when the "last enemy" came 
the patriot could say, "I am not afraid to go" ? The strength 
which had been his through life was not to fail him now. His 

81 



place of refuge was in the Everlasting Arms. The Word of God 
was on his bed when he died. She who so often shared with 
him the holiest offices of their common faith ministered to his 
dying wants. His last words were, '"Tiswell." He closed his 
own eyes, folded his arms across his breast and "fell asleep." 

Our view of the character of our Founder would be incom- 
plete without allusion to the sagacity and patriotism with which 
he sought the consolidation of the union between the States by 
the adoption of the Constitution, under which, with slight 
changes, we have been so strikingly blessed and prospered by 
God for a hundred years. It is as the true founder of the con- 
stitutional union of the United States that we may accord to 
our Washington our grateful remembrance to-day. As the 
leader of the Continental Army — as the one man of all others 
highest in the confidence of all classes of his countrymen, we 
may say with the historian Bancroft, "Without him the Union 
ivould never have been formed. " More than any other man he 
did to win for us our independence. To this he added the 
further glory of making that freedom worthy of our possessing, 
in securing for us the Constitution and the Union of the States. 
True to his country ; true to his trust in God, who was his 
.strength and his refuge ; true to training and to himself, what 
more can we add to our tribute of grateful praise to God for the 
'Christian character and consistent patriotism of Washington ? 

I have alluded to the appropriateness of our assembling in 
this house of God, where, in the early days of the republic, our 
fathers, members of the Order of the Cincinnati, were wont to 
meet in recognition of the glory and goodness of their God. 
Here, on the Fourth of July, 1788, the members of our Order 
listened to the earnest and eloquent words of William Duer. 
Here, on the Fourth of July, 1789, our own Hamilton, claruin 
et venerabile nomen, delivered an eulogium on Nathanael 
Greene before a brilliant assembly, the President being pre- 
vented by severe illness from attending, but Lady Washmgton 
and family occupying yonder pew, ever sacred to patriotic 
memories. 

On Monday, July 5, 1790, the President General of the So- 
ciety and President of the United States, our beloved Washing - 

82 



ton, attended here the oration of Henry Brockholst Livingston^ 
on themes appropriate to the day. Again and again have the' 
membersTof our honorable Order assembled here in recognition 
of their trust in God, who was their strength and refuge ; and 
around these sacred walls many of our well remembered and 
illustrious dead await in the dust of the earth the resurrection; 
to eternal life. 

Ah ! Brethren, we at least will ascribe our strength unto 
God who was our fathers' refuge, and whose love and care will 
not fail us now or in the time to come. The share taken by 
our Order in the adoption and support of the Constitution of 
our beloved native land is not to be overlooked on a day and at 
a time like this. From the period of its institution in the year 
of peace, 1783, to the day of the inauguration of its President 
General as President of the United States, the Order of the 
Cincinnati was the only organization in the land devoted to 
"promoting and cherishing between the respective States that 
Union and National Honoi-, so essentially necessary to their 
happiness and to the future dignity of the American empire." 
This, the only political principle incorporated in the original 
"Institution" of our honorable Order, found its realization in 
the adoption of the Constitution under which God has been our 
strength and refuge for a hundred memorable years. 

To-day, Brothers of the Cincinnati, we reverently ascribe 
unto our fathers' God and our own the praise and glory due 
unto His holy Name. Mindful of the strength He gave to our 
sires of old, and the refuge He has been in our times of trouble, 
we will praise and bless and magnify Him forever. We wUl 
ascribe unto Him worship as well as strength. The principles 
for which our fathers fought, the freedom secured to us by 
their labors and their Uves ; the lessons of trust in God and 
recognition of an all-wise and all-loving Father's care and 
guidance ; — these shall be ours as patriots, as Christian sons of 
Christian sires, in the years to come. As God has blessed our 
fathers, so will we ask His blessing on ourselves and on those 
who shall come after us till in the spread of freedom, limited 
only by the decrees of iromutable right, of liberty protected 
and preserved by law, the land for which our fathers lived and 

83 



died shall be Indeed time's noblest offspring if its last — the 
realization of the dreams of Christian patriots, the ideal com- 
monwealth, outlasting empires and dynasties, and ending only 
when the world itself shaU have passed away. 




The celebration for the three following days consisted of a re- 
ception of the President and Vice-President of the United States, 
Cabinet, and Justices of the Supreme Court, by the Committee 
on Navy of the General Centennial Committee, on the United 
States steamer "Despatch," at Elizabethport, New Jersey, and 
a great naval review of the United States ships of war and 
mercantile marine in the upper harbor of New York, followed 
by the disembarkation of the President and suite at Wall Street 
Ferry, where the Committee on States, with a special military 
escort and the " Society of the Sons of the Revolution," received 
them and escorted them to the Lawyers' Club, where the Presi- 
dent was given a reception which was participated in by the 
Governors and Commissioners of States and Territories and 
other official personages and citizens of distinction. 

On the same evening a ball was given at the Metropolitan 
Opera House. 

For the next day, April 30, 1889, special services were held 
at the site of the Old Federal Hall, corner of Nassau and Wall 
Streets, and at Saint Paul's Chapel ; followed by a great military 
review by the President, Hon. Benjamin Harrison, of the bat- 
talions of the United States Navy, Marine Corps, and Regular 
Army, and Uniformed Militia and National Guard forces of the 
several States, followed by a ball at the Metropolitan Opera 
House in the evening. 

84 



For the next day, May 1, 1889, a civic display and review of 
trade and labor organizations, college and other associations, 
followed by a special banquet to the President at the Metropoli- 
tan Opera House in the evening. 

For all these ceremonial reviews and entertainments, the 
General Committee of the Centennial invited the Society of 
the Cincinnati to send an official representation. 

This official representation was as follows: 

The Hon. Hamilton Fish, LL.D., President General of the 
Cincinnati, eldest son of Major and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel 
Nicholas Fish, Second Regiment New York Continental Line 
of the Revolution. 

Hon. Asa Bird Gardiner, LL.D., Secretary General of the 
Cincinnati, great-grandson of Ensign Reuben Willard, Twenty- 
fourth Regiment Continental Foot, and grand-nephew of First 
Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster Jonathan Willard, 
First Regiment New Hampshire Continental Infantry. 

Mr. John Schuyler, Treasurer General of the Cincinnati, 
great-grandson of Major-General Philip Schuyler of the Con- 
tinental Army of the Revolution. 

The Hon. Samuel Crocker Cobb, President of the Massa- 
chusetts State Society of the Cincinnati, grandson of Lieutenant - 
Colonel the Hon. David Cobb of Massachusetts, Aide-de-Camp 
to General Washington to the close of the Revolution. 

Mr. Henry Thayer Drowne, of the Rhode Island State Society 
of the Cincinnati, grandson of Surgeon Solomon Drowne, M.D., 
LL.D., of the Rhode Island Continental Line, vice the Hon. 
Nathanael Greene, President of that State Society, who was 
unable to attend, grandson of Major-General Nathanael Greene 
of the Revolution. 

The Hon. Clifford Stanley Sims, President of the New Jersey 
State Society, great-grandson of Major John Ross, M.D., Second 
Regiment New Jersey Continental Infantry. 

The Hon. WiUiam Wayne, President of the Pennsylvania 
State Society of the Cincinnati, great-grandson of Major-General 
Anthony Wayne of the Continental Army of the Revolution. 



Colonel Oswald Tilghman, of the Maryland State Society of 
the Cincinnati, grandson of Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. Tench 
Tilghman, Aide-de-Camp to General Washington to the close of 
the Revolution, vice ex-Governor Robert Milligan McLane, 
President of that State Society, who was abroad, grandson of 
Captain Allan McLane, of the Delaware Continental Line of 
the Revolution, who served in the Second Battalion Continental 
Partizan Legion. 

The Rev. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, D. D., President of 
the South Carolina State Society of the Cincinnati, grandson of 
Major Thomas Pinckney, First Regiment South Carolina Conti- 
nental Infantry of the Revolution, afterwards Major-General of 
the United States Army and President General of the Cincin- 
nati ; also grand-nephew of Brevet Brigadier-General Charles 
Cotesworth Pinckney, First Regiment South Carolina Conti- 
nental Infantry of the Revolution, afterwards also Major- 
General of the United States Army and President General of 
the Society of the Cincinnati, in succession to Major-General 
Alexander Hamilton, LL. D. 

The Chairman of the Committee on Navy, on behalf of that 
Committee, invited all the members of the Cincinnati present at 
the commemoration to witness the Naval Review of April 39, 
and accompany the U. S. steamer " Despatch," on board the 
magnificent steamer " Sirius," which had been placed at the 
disposal of the Committee on Navy for their own special invited 
guests, including President Harrison's and Vice-President Levi 
P. Morton's families. 

Most of the members accepted this invitation, and were 
handsomely entertained on board on behalf of the Navy Com- 
mittee, this trip proving one of the most agreeable incidents of 
the entire celebration. 

The Chairman of the Committee on States, Mr. William 
Gaston Hamilton (grandson of Alexander Hamilton), on be- 
half of that Committee, invited all the members of the Cincin- 
nati present at the commemoration to witness the Naval Review 
on board the large steamer "Erastus Wiman," which had been. 

86 



placed at the disposal of his Conunittee by the Committee on 
Navy for accommodation of Governors and Commissioners of 
States and other oflBcial personages and guests. 

The Chairman of the Committee on States, on behalf of that 
Committee, also invited all the Cincinnati present to the recep- 
tion at the Lawyers' Club, and to accompany the President and 
suite and Governors and Commissioners from "Wall Street Ferry 
to that reception. 

Accordingly, on disembarking at Wall Street Ferry, the 
Cincinnati formed t'w o by two and accompanied the President 
and suite under escort to the Lawyers' Club, taking position in 
line immediately after Governors of States and Territories, 
according to the precedent established by the Congress of the 
United States at the celebration of the completion of the Wash- 
ington Monument, at the Capitol, 22d February, 1885. 

For the great military review of April 30th and civic review 
of May 1st, 1889, the Chairman of the Committee on Navy pro- 
cured from the Committee on Army, cards of admittance to the 
grand stands for such of the Cincinnati as desired to witness 
them, and nearly all availed themselves of the opportunity. 

For the Loan Exhibition of historical portraits and relics at 
the Metropolitan Opera House, the Chairman of the Committee 
on Navy procured from the Committee on Art and Exhibition 
cards of admission for such members as desired to avail them- 
selves of it. 

With the conclusion of this notable National Commemoration 
and Celebration of an event of the highest importance to the wel- 
fare and happiness of the people of the United States, the Cin- 
cinnati had the pleasing consciousness that they had adequately 
and appropriately performed their duty in the premises. 



ffinfs. 



87 



Committees on the Centennial Celebration, April 30, 1889, 



of the 



Inauguration of George Washington as President 
of the United States. 



HAMILTON FISH,* President. HUGH J. GRANT, Chairman. 

ELBRIDGE T. GERRY, Chairman Executive Committee. 

CLARENCE W. BOWEN, Secretary. 

No. I.— PLAN AND SCOPE. 

Hugh J. Grant, Chairman, Cornelius N. Bliss, 

Abram S. Hewitt, Frederick S. Tallmadge, 

James M. Varnum,* Samuel D. Babcock. 

No. a.— STATES. 

William G. Hamilton, Chairman. Jacob A. Cantor, 

James C. Carter, E. Ellery Anderson, 

John Schuyler,* Floyd Clarkson, 

J. Tallmadge Van Rensselaer, Henry W. LeRoy, 

James W. Husted, John B. Pine, 

Theodore Roosevelt, Samuel Borrowe, 
James M. Montgomery,* Secretary. 

No. 3.— GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 

John A. King, Chairman, Frederick J. DePeyster, 

John Jay, Wiluam H. Robertson, 

Edward Cooper, Cornelius Vanderbilt. 

William H. Wickham, William M. Evarts, 

William R. Grace, Frank Hiscock, 

Seth Low, Secretary. 

No. 4.— ARMY (Military and Industrial Parade). 

S. Van Rensselaer Cruger, Chairman, J. Hampden Robb, 
John Cochrane,* Frederick Gallatin, 

1,ocke W. Winchester, Frederick D. Tappen, 

John C. TomlinsON, Secretary. 

* Hereditary Members of the Society of the CincinnatL 

89 



No. 5.— NAVY. 

Asa Bird Gardiner,* Chairman, Captain Henry Erben, U. S. N., 

John S. Barnes, Ogden Goelet, 

George G. Haven, John Jay Pierrepont, 

Jackson S. Schultz, Loyat.l Farragut, 

D. Willis James, Alfred C. Cheney, 

Frederick R. Coudert, Buchanan Winthrop, 
S. Nicholson Kane, Secretary. 



No. 6.— ENTERTAINMENT. 

Stuyvesant Fish, Chairman, William B. Beekman, 

William Waldorf Astor, S. L. M. Barlow, 

William K. Vanderbilt, Stephen H. Olin, 

William Jay, William E. D. Stokes, 

Egerton L. Winthrop, Ward McAllister, 

Robert Goelet, Gouverneur Morris, Secretary. 

No. 7.— FINANCE. 

Brayton Ives, Chairman, John Sloane, 

Darius O. Mills, James D. Smith, 

Richard T. Wilson, Edward V. Loew, 

William L. Strong, Eugene Kelly, 

Henry B. Hyde, Walter Stanton, 

James M. Brown, John F. Plummer, 

Louis Fitzgerald, J. Edward Simmons, 

Allan Campbell, John Jay Knox, 
DeLancey Nicoll, Secretary. 

No. 8.— RAILROADS AND TRANSPORTATION. 

Orlando B. Potter, Chairman, Josiah M. Fisk, 

Chauncey M. Depew, Clifford Stanley Sims,* 

Erastus Wiman, Thomas S. Moore, 

Charles W. Dayton, James Duane Livingston, Secretary. 

No. 9.— art and exhibition. 

Henry G. Marquand, Chairman, Frank D Millet, 

Gordon L. Ford, Vice-Chairman, H. H. Boyesen, 

Daniel Huntington, Charles Henry Hart, 

F. HoPKiNsoN Smith, Rutherford Stuyvesant, 

William E. Dodge, John L. Cadwalader,* 

Charles Parsons, Lispenard Stewart, 

A. W. Drake, Charles H. Russell, Jr., 

Oliver H. Perry, Richard W. Gilder, Secretary, 

No. lo.— literary exercises. 
Eleridge T. Gerry, Chairman, Clarence W. Bovven, Secretary. 

* Hereditary Members ol the Society of the Cincinnati. 

90 







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